Showing papers on "Derivative (chemistry) published in 2016"
TL;DR: It is revealed that stable Ugi-Alg self-aggregated micelle with the average size of 162.3 nm and ζ potential at about -31.7 mV could form in the aqueous media, which presents tremendous potential in pharmacology and tissue engineering.
85 citations
TL;DR: O-labeling experiments indicated that the oxygen source of products originated from O2, and an efficient copper-catalyzed selective cross coupling of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with methyl hetarenes has been reported.
84 citations
TL;DR: All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-tumor activities against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines, and the results revealed promising activities of compounds 3g, 5e, 3e, 10, 5f, 3i, and 3f with IC50 equal 1.09 ± 0.19 μM.
Abstract: A new series of 1,4-bis(1-(5-(aryldiazenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzenes 3a–i were synthesized via reaction of 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide) (1) with hydrazonoyl halides 2a–i. In addition, reaction of 1 with ethyl chloroacetate afforded bis-thiazolone derivative 8 as the end product. Reaction of compound 8 with methyl glyoxalate gave bis-thiazolone derivative 10. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and their alternative syntheses. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-tumor activities against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines, and the results revealed promising activities of compounds 3g, 5e, 3e, 10, 5f, 3i, and 3f with IC50 equal 1.37 ± 0.15, 1.41 ± 0.17, 1.62 ± 0.20, 1.86 ± 0.20, 1.93 ± 0.08, 2.03 ± 0.25, and 2.09 ± 0.19 μM, respectively.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a host-guest recognition between γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and a 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride (BrNpA) polymer was achieved by photo-isomerization of the azobenzene (Azo) unit of the other polymer in aqueous solution.
73 citations
TL;DR: The synthesis of an annulated 1,4,2,5-diazadiborinine derivative featuring boron atoms that exhibit both Lewis acidic and basic properties is reported, indicating that the indistinguishable borons act as both nucleophilic and electrophilic centres, demonstrating ambiphilic nature.
Abstract: Boranes are archetypal Lewis acids owing to an empty p-orbital on the boron, although Lewis basic tricoordinate boranes have been developed too. Here, the authors report an annulated 1,4,2,5-diazadiborinine derivative with boron atoms that exhibit both Lewis acidic and basic properties.
70 citations
TL;DR: A bromo-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative that presents excellent targeting and PDT efficiency both in vitro and in vivo is synthesized.
Abstract: Novel photosensitizers with high reactive oxygen species generation and precise targeting to tumors are crucial for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, a bromo-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative (2,5-bis(6-bromohexyl)-3,6-bis(5-bromothiophene-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione)-grafted hyaluronic acid is synthesized, which presents excellent targeting and PDT efficiency both in vitro and in vivo.
67 citations
56 citations
TL;DR: The total synthesis of rutaecarpine and lu serotonin A is described through controlled cyclization of a common aldimine intermediate 5 derived from ethyl-2-aminocinnamate and quinazolinone- 2-carbaldehyde.
51 citations
TL;DR: By rational assembly of Zn(2+) and Cu( 2+) with G, three metallogels (ZnG, CuG and Zn-CuG) were prepared and could fluorescently detect CN(-) with specific selectivity over S(2-) and Cys through the competitive coordination of CN(+) and G with Cu(2+).
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of a solution to a fractional nonlinear ordinary Cauchy problem is proved and a formula for a linear problem of such a type is presented.
Abstract: In the paper we study fractional systems with generalized Riemann–Liouville derivatives. A theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution to a fractional nonlinear ordinary Cauchy problem is proved. Next a formula for the solution to a linear problem of such a type is presented.
49 citations
TL;DR: A new chemosensor L exhibited the high selectivity and sensitivity for Al(3+) in CH3OH, along with colorimetric and fluorometric dual-signaling responses based on the joint contribution of the ICT and CHEF processes.
TL;DR: Late introduction of the furan ring during the synthesis of (-)-nakadomarin A means that the key tetracyclic ketone derivative has the potential to serve as an advanced intermediate for the synthesisation of related marine alkaloids.
Abstract: A highly efficient 12-step synthesis of the marine alkaloid (-)-nakadomarin A has been accomplished. The key advanced intermediate, a tetracyclic ketone derivative, was constructed in just seven steps using a sequence that includes an asymmetric Pauson-Khand reaction, an Overman rearrangement reaction, a ring-closing metathesis reaction, and an amination reaction. Late introduction of the furan ring during the synthesis of (-)-nakadomarin A means that the key tetracyclic ketone derivative has the potential to serve as an advanced intermediate for the synthesis of related marine alkaloids.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural function plays a central role as a kernel transform of underlying time-space fabric of physical systems, and the inverse Mittag-Leffler function is applied as structural function in the structural derivative to model the ultralow diffusion of a random system of two interacting particles.
Abstract: Abstract This paper proposes a novel structural derivative approach to tackle the perplexing modeling problem of ultraslow diffusion. The structural function plays a central role in this new strategy as a kernel transform of underlying time-space fabric of physical systems. Ultraslow diffusion has been observed in numerous lab experiments and field observations, whose behaviors deviate dramatically from the standard anomalous diffusion models characterizing power function of time. The logarithmic diffusion model has since been used to describe bizarre process of ultraslow diffusion but with very limited success. This study applies the inverse Mittag-Leffler function as the structural function in the structural derivative modeling ultraslow diffusion of a random system of two interacting particles. It is observed that the dynamics of two interacting particles are respectively the ballistic motion at the short time scale and the Sinai ultraslow diffusion at the long time scale. Compared with the logarithmic diffusion model, the inverse Mittag-Leffler diffusion model has higher accuracy and manifests clearer physical mechanism. Numerical experiments show that the structural derivative is a feasible mathematical tool to model the ultraslow diffusion using the inverse Mittag-Leffler function as its structural function.
TL;DR: In this article, upper-division undergraduate chemistry and biochemistry majors investigate amide-bond-forming reactions from a green chemistry perspective using hydrocinnamic acid and benzylamine as reactants.
Abstract: In this laboratory experiment, upper-division undergraduate chemistry and biochemistry majors investigate amide-bond-forming reactions from a green chemistry perspective. Using hydrocinnamic acid and benzylamine as reactants, students perform three types of amide-forming reactions: an acid chloride derivative route; a coupling reagent promoted method; and a boric acid catalyzed condensation. After isolation of the common product, students assess the reactions using the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry and several green chemistry metrics: atom economy; reaction mass efficiency; process mass intensity; and the EcoScale. In addition to assessing what route is the greenest, students also compare the metrics to discern what aspects of green chemistry each metric captures. In order to extend sustainability to economic considerations, the projected “front-end” cost of synthesizing a kilogram of the amide is calculated based on data from each reaction. The experimental work is conducted over two 3 h laboratory pe...
TL;DR: Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction showed that the tetraoxa derivative forms remarkable face‐to‐face π–π stacks in the solid state, a favorable solid‐state arrangement for organic electronics.
Abstract: The synthesis of O-doped benzorylenes, in which peripheral carbon atoms have been replaced by oxygen atoms, has been achieved for the first time. This includes key high-yielding ring-closure steps which, through intramolecular C−O bond formation, allow stepwise planarization of oligonaphthalenes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that the tetraoxa derivative forms remarkable face-to-face π–π stacks in the solid state, a favorable solid-state arrangement for organic electronics.
TL;DR: A super-sensitive fluorescent film for N-methamphetamine (MAPA), one of the most widely abused drugs throughout the world, was designed and fabricated in this paper, where the film was realized through self-assembly of a newly developed fluorescent compound, PDC, onto a glass plate surface, where PDC is a rational combination of a new perylene bisimide derivative and cholesterol.
Abstract: A super-sensitive fluorescent film for N-methamphetamine (MAPA), one of the most widely abused drugs throughout the world, was designed and fabricated. The film was realized through the self-assembly of a newly developed fluorescent compound, PDC, onto a glass plate surface, where PDC is a rational combination of a new perylene bisimide derivative and cholesterol. The film as prepared exhibits unprecedented sensing performances: (1) the film is super-sensitive to the presence of either N-methyl-phenethylamine (MPEA, a simulant of MAPA) or MAPA in vapor state, and the detection limit (DL) of MPEA is ∼5.5 ppb, a lowest value in vapor state detection reported till now, (2) the presence of potential interferences (amines, organic solvents, water, apple pomace and etc) shows little effect on MAPA sensing, (3) the sensing process is highly fast and fully reversible. Moreover, the film as developed is photo-chemically stable. Based on this favorable film, a conceptual MAPA detector for practical application was successfully developed and presented.
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the structural modification of the genuine malvidin-3-glucoside into a more lipophilic compound did not compromise its antioxidant potential and protected more effectively a lipidic substrate from oxidation, which is an important insight for future technological applications.
Abstract: The chemical modification of anthocyanins (water-soluble pigments) into more lipophilic compounds is very important to expand their application in the food, medical and cosmetic industries. In this work, the synthesis of a pure malvidin-3-glucoside–oleic acid ester derivative was achieved by enzymatic catalysis. This approach allowed us to synthesize a novel compound, malvidin-3-O-(6′′-oleoyl)glucoside (Mv3glc–OA), which was structurally characterized by mass spectrometry and for the first time by NMR spectroscopy. The enzymatic reaction revealed to be regioselective giving only one ester product. Antioxidant features of the malvidin-3-glucoside lipophilic derivative by means of DPPH, FRAP and lipid peroxidation assays were assessed, which confirmed that the structural modification of the genuine malvidin-3-glucoside into a more lipophilic compound did not compromise its antioxidant potential and protected more effectively a lipidic substrate from oxidation, which is an important insight for future technological applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, a cyclotriphosphazene appended phenanthroline derivative was synthesized and its sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopies.
TL;DR: In this paper, a variety of methylenemalononitriles and ethyl cyanoacrylates derived from both aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation catalysed with native and modified chitosan-based heterogeneous catalysts.
Abstract: A variety of methylenemalononitriles and ethyl cyanoacrylates derived from both aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation catalysed with native and modified chitosan-based heterogeneous catalysts. The efficiency of our hydrogel organocatalysts, chitosan hydrogel beads and ureidyl-chitosan derivative hydrogel disks, was evaluated as function of pH, temperature and catalyst concentration by considering reaction rates, conversions, E/Z stereoselectivities, and kinetic studies of a model reaction between 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate. An unprecedented study by solid state 13 C CP MAS NMR of the employed catalyst when reaction was quenched after a 50% of conversion, has demonstrated that an imine-chitosan intermediate is formed during this process. Analysis of E / Z ethyl cyanoacrylate isomer mixtures for determining the corresponding stereoselectivity was carried out by NMR measuring carbon-proton coupling constants ( 3 J C,H ) using a novel CLIP-HSQMCB experiment. Additionally, DFT calculations let us rationalise the observed E / Z stereoselectivities as well as to evaluate the role of ureidyl moiety on interaction with aldehydes and imine intermediate formation with chitosan derivative.
TL;DR: In this paper, an epoxidized lignin derivative was prepared directly inserting epichlorohydrin on the phenolic functionalities, which was then converted to cyclic carbonates through the coupling reaction of CO2 with the oxirane rings.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel and convenient approach via defluorination and hydrogenation of fluorographite, not previously used Birch-type reduction, is developed to prepare highly hydrogenated graphene in ethylenediamine at room temperature via wet-chemical reduction of commercially available fluorographites containing electropositive C atoms in polar C F bonds, using Na K alloy as reductant and isopropanol as quenching agent.
TL;DR: In this article, a new geometric interpretation of the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives of non-integer orders is proposed based on modern differential geometry and the geometry of jet bundles.
Abstract: Abstract A new geometric interpretation of the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives of non-integer orders is proposed. The suggested geometric interpretation of the fractional derivatives is based on modern differential geometry and the geometry of jet bundles. We formulate a geometric interpretation of the fractional-order derivatives by using the concept of the infinite jets of functions. For this interpretation, we use a representation of the fractional-order derivatives by infinite series with integer-order derivatives. We demonstrate that the derivatives of non-integer orders connected with infinite jets of special type. The suggested infinite jets are considered as a reconstruction from standard jets with respect to order.
TL;DR: In this paper, a diphenylacrylonitrile derivative (Z)-3-(4′-(diphenylamino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-acetyl-acetyl (4-CN-TPA) was synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation and Suzuki coupling reactions.
Abstract: A novel diphenylacrylonitrile derivative (Z)-3-(4′-(diphenylamino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-acrylonitrile (β-CN-TPA) containing a twisted triphenylamine and diphenylacetonitrile was synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation and Suzuki coupling reactions. These molecules exhibited aggregation enhanced emission (AIE) effects. Interestingly, their mechano-fluorochromic properties were invisible upon grinding with a pestle. However, when hydrostatic pressure in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) was applied on the crystals of β-CN-TPA, the distinct piezochromic behaviors of the compound were observed. The fluorescence color changed from light green (530 nm) to red (665 nm) with a significant red-shift of 135 nm. The powder X-ray diffraction and high-pressure Raman studies indicated that the as-synthesized and ground samples had the same crystalline structures, while the compressed samples had an evident change in inter-molecular interactions. Comparative tests and theoretical analysis further confirmed that the distinct fluorescence behaviors of the desired dye during the different stress conditions were associated with the various inter-molecular interactions that existed with adjacent molecules.
TL;DR: The key feature of this synthesis is the highly efficient and stereoselective preparation of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivative 6, a core skeleton of Englerin A, based on an inverse electron-demand [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of the platinum-containing carbonyl ylide, which was developed in the laboratory.
Abstract: Total synthesis of (±)-Englerin A has been achieved starting from γ,δ-ynone 5 in 14 steps. The key feature of this synthesis is the highly efficient and stereoselective preparation of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivative 6, a core skeleton of Englerin A, based on an inverse electron-demand [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of the platinum-containing carbonyl ylide, which was developed in our laboratory.
TL;DR: The facile one-step reaction offullerene with aldehydes and primary amines in the presence of cheap and easily available Cu(OAc)2·H2O afforded a series of new types of fulleropyrrolines with trisubstituted C═C bonds in good to excellent yields, which would be difficult to prepare by known methods.
Abstract: The facile one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with aldehydes and primary amines in the presence of cheap and easily available Cu(OAc)2·H2O afforded a series of new types of fulleropyrrolines with trisubstituted C═C bonds in good to excellent yields, which would be difficult to prepare by known methods. The formed fulleropyrroline under the assistance of Pd(OAc)2 and CuCl2·2H2O could be further converted to 1-fulleropyrrolidine by the chlorohydroxylation reaction of C═C bond. Subsequent elimination reaction of 1-fulleropyrrolidine with the aid of TsOH·H2O generated the scarce 1-fulleropyrroline derivative.
TL;DR: The two-dimensional self-assembly transition of a star-shaped oligofluorene derivative (StOF) from disordered structure to honeycomb network is observed by adjusting StOF concentration in solution by introducing guest molecules coronene (COR), which for the first time achieved novel triangle-shaped COR trimers on liquid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface.
Abstract: In this research, with the assistance of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we observed the two-dimensional (2D) self-assembly transition of a star-shaped oligofluorene derivative (StOF) from disordered structure to honeycomb network by adjusting StOF concentration in solution. By introducing guest molecules coronene (COR), we for the first time achieved novel triangle-shaped COR trimers on liquid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface in both honeycomb network and the disordered structure. In thermal tests, the COR/StOF-disorder system underwent a structural conformation to form well-ordered ladder structures, while the COR/StOF-honeycomb system remained the perfect hexagonal network with COR trimers included in the cavities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the forming mechanism of the molecular nanoarrays. These studies are expected to enhance controlling on 2D self-assembly and provide a facial approach toward constructing on-surface molecular clusters.
TL;DR: The present study involves the synthesis of bisindolylmethane–hydrazone hybrids, 1–30, in a three-step reaction sequence, followed by evaluation against β-glucuronidase enzyme, finding a trihydroxy analog was found to be the most potent derivative.
Abstract: The present study involves the synthesis of bisindolylmethane–hydrazone hybrids, 1–30, in a three-step reaction sequence, followed by evaluation against β-glucuronidase enzyme. The IC50 values for the potent compounds were in the range from 0.10 to 83.50 μM. Compound, a trihydroxy analog was found to be the most potent derivative, having an IC50 value of 0.10 ± 0.001 μM. Molecular docking revealed that the active compounds could fit perfectly into the binding groove of β-D-glucuronidase. The presence of hydroxyl groups on the aromatic side chain proved to be the single most important factor that contributed toward the inhibitory potential of these compounds. On the other hand, the imino group of the hydrazone linkage displayed interactions with the side chain carboxyl oxygen (Oe2) of Asp207. The high inhibitory potential of these compounds could be associated with these strong hydrogen bonds. Structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed using modern spectroscopic methods.
TL;DR: Conjugated polymers with LUMO levels of −4.00 eV and a perylene bisimide derivative with a lumen level of − 4.56 eV were used in non-fullerene solar cells in which power conversion efficiencies up to 1.4% were achieved as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Conjugated polymers with LUMO levels of −4.00 eV and a perylene bisimide derivative with a LUMO level of −4.56 eV were used in non-fullerene solar cells in which power conversion efficiencies up to 1.4% were achieved.
TL;DR: The biphenylenedione is a powerful reagent to build up cyclobutadiene-containing azapolyheterocycles and is stable despite its extended π-system and its optical features are blueshifted in comparison to those of the symmetrical tetraazapentacene.
Abstract: Biphenylene-2,3-dione is a powerful reagent to build up cyclobutadiene-containing azapolyheterocycles. The target structures are formed in high yields through classical condensation of suitable aromatic diamines with the biphenylenedione. To achieve the title compound, the biphenylenedione is coupled with a diaminobenzothiadiazole derivative. Reductive cleavage of the thiadiazole ring and subsequent condensation with the biphenylenedione gives the title compound in which a central tetraazapentacene is flanked by two benzocyclobutadiene units. This compound is stable despite its extended π-system and its optical features are blueshifted in comparison to those of the symmetrical tetraazapentacene.
TL;DR: In this article, two dinuclear Cu(II) compounds were synthesized using benzendicarboxylic acids as co-ligands, and the structures and magnetic properties of title compounds have been systematically characterized.