Showing papers on "Diesel generator published in 2010"

Optimal sizing and operational strategy of hybrid renewable energy system using homer

Abstract: Nowadays, the power system utility has started to consider the green power technology in order for the world to have a healthier environment. The wind energy and solar energy system are chosen in designing a hybrid renewable power system as they do not release any emission to the atmosphere. In addition, by maximizing the use of the renewable energy, the diesel generator used in the system could also be reduced. Therefore, this paper will discuss on the optimization of the renewable energy hybrid system based on the sizing and operational strategy of generating system. The optimization software used in this analysis is the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER). The sensitivity analysis is also performed to obtain the optimal configuration of hybrid renewable energy based on different combinations of generating system.

Life cycle assessment of village electrification based on straight jatropha oil in Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract: A decentralized power generation plant fuelled by straight jatropha oil was implemented in 2006 in Ranidhera, Chhattisgarh, India. The goal of this study was to assess the environmental sustainability of that electrification project in order to provide a scientific basis for policy decisions on electrifying remote villages. A full Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted on jatropha-based rural electrification and then compared with other electrification approaches such as photovoltaic (PV), grid connection and a diesel-fuelled power generator. In summary, the jatropha-based electrification in Ranidhera reduces greenhouse gas emissions over the full life cycle by a factor of 7 compared to a diesel generator or grid connection. The environmental performance is only slightly improved, mainly due to the high air pollution from pre-heating the jatropha seeds. With additional measures oil extraction and overall efficiency could be further improved. However, environmental benefits can only be achieved if jatropha is cultivated on marginal land and land use competition can be excluded. Under these conditions, jatropha-based electricity generation might be a useful alternative to other renewable electrification options, as the technology is very sturdy and can be maintained even in remote and highly under-developed regions.

Minimization of green house gases emission by using hybrid energy system for telephony base station site application

Abstract: Cellular mobile service is a rapidly expanding and a very competitive business worldwide, including developing countries. This paper proposes that the suitable alternative solution of grid power is the stand-alone PV/wind hybrid energy system with diesel generator as a backup for cellular mobile telephony base station site in isolated areas. It is expected that the newly developed and installed system would provide very good opportunities for mobile telephony base station in near future. In addition, protecting the environment and combating climate change are two of the most pressing challenges facing humankind. As energy prices soar, network operators are increasingly scrutinizing their environmental and social responsibilities. This system will be more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. Approximately 70–80% fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and the emission of CO2 and other harmful gasses in environments were reduced.

Grid Interaction Operation of a Telecommunications Power System With a Novel Topology for Multiple-Input Buck-Boost Converter

Abstract: Typically, telecom power systems are connected to the grid and diesel generator. This paper represents a new telecom power system using local microsources (fuel cell and microturbine). Some benefits of this system are effectively eliminating batteries, diesel generator, and automatic transfer switch. In this study, a new multiple input buck-boost converter is utilized as an interface between the microsources and the dc bus. The peak current-mode control is used to control the current of fuel cell while the voltage-mode control is used to regulate the output voltage. A model for the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC) and microturbine (MT) along with their subcomponents and internal controls are presented. Furthermore, the parallel operation of FC and MT by using the proposed multiple-input dc/dc converter is investigated. In addition, the dynamic response of the system to the dynamic behavior of the load is analyzed. Using an inverter, the common bus of the system also connected to the distribution network in order to supply the excess power to the grid. For grid interconnection, an LC filter, double-tuned filters, and a C-type high-pass filter are developed for eliminating high-frequency switching oscillations, selected harmonics, and high-order harmonics, respectively.

Pre-feasibility study of PV-solar / Wind Hybrid Energy System for GSM type mobile telephony base station in Central India

Abstract: This paper proposes the most feasible configuration of a stand alone PV/Wind Hybrid Energy System with diesel generator as a backup for cellular mobile telephony base station site in isolated areas of Central India. It is expected that the newly developed and installed system will provide very good opportunities for mobile telephony base station in near future. The meteorological data of Solar Insolation, hourly wind speed, are taken for Bhopal, Central India and the pattern of load consumption of mobile base station are studied and suitably modeled for pre-feasibility study of the hybrid energy system. This system is more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. It should reduced approximate Seventy to Eighty percent fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and also reduced the emission of Carbon dioxide and other harmful gasses in environments.

PV-solar / wind hybrid energy system for GSM/CDMA type mobile telephony base station

Abstract: This paper gives the design idea of optimized PV-Solar and Wind Hybrid Energy System for GSM/CDMA type mobile base station over conventional diesel generator for a particular site in central India (Bhopal) . For this hybrid system ,the meteorological data of Solar Insolation, hourly wind speed, are taken for Bhopal-Central India (Longitude 77 ο .23’and Latitude 23 ο .21’ ) and the pattern of load consumption of mobile base station are studied and suitably modeled for optimization of the hybrid energy system using HOMER software. The simulation and optimization result gives the best optimized sizing of wind turbine and solar array with diesel generator for particular GSM/CDMA type mobile telephony base station. This system is more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. It should reduced approximate 70%-80% fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and also reduced the emission of CO2 and other harmful gasses in environments. It is expected that the newly developed and installed system will provide very good opportunities for telecom sector in near future. Copyright © 2010 International Energy and Environment Foundation - All rights reserved.

A control approach for voltage and frequency regulation of a Wind-Diesel-battery based hybrid remote area power supply system

Abstract: A novel Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system consisting of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbine generator, synchronous diesel generator system, battery storage system and a dump load is considered in this paper. A control coordination strategy is formulated with a view to regulate the system voltage and frequency within acceptable limits while extracting the maximum power available from the wind. The battery storage unit is used to provide a smooth state transition from Wind-Only (WO) to Wind-Diesel (WD) mode while enabling the DFIG to operate in its maximum power point tracking mode of operation. The dump load is used to absorb the excess energy which cannot be utilised through the battery storage system. The entire RAPS system has been modelled using SimPowerSystem toolbox in MATLAB.

Micro-grid control of PV-Wind-Diesel hybrid system with islanded and grid connected operations

Abstract: This paper discusses modeling of a micro-grid with PV-Wind-Diesel generator hybrid system and its operations. The PV system is modeled with a DC/AC inverter with a pre-defined Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. Fixed speed induction generator based wind turbines are used to model the wind farm. The diesel generator controls are modeled with droop governor and automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The PV inverter controls, including MPPT and voltage droop, are modeled in the DC/AC inverter itself. The proposed MPPT control is more stable with additional input of PV cell temperature. The complete system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC software. Performance of this system is studied on (i) fault tripping of the main grid and (ii) islanded operation of micro-grid with intermittent power from the wind and PV plants. The simulation results confirm the smooth operations of the proposed concept for disturbances from main grid as well as due to the intermittent wind and PV renewable power plants.

Power management strategy for solving power dispatch problems in MicroGrid for residential applications

Abstract: This paper proposes a new method to manage the daily operation of MicroGrid (MG) for residential applications. Thorough discussion and simulations are conducted to clarify and highlight the principle of the method. Nonlinear optimization problem formulation is also performed. The proposed cost function takes into consideration the costs of the emissions NOx, SO 2 , and CO 2 as well as the operation and maintenance costs. The microgrid considered in this paper consists of wind turbine, micro turbine, diesel generator, photovoltaic array and fuel cell. The Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) is employed to minimize the cost function of the system while constraining it to meet the costumer demand and safety of the system. Finally, a comparative investigation aiming at assessing the efficiency and applicability of the method is carried out. The method is proven simple and remarkably fast.

Inverter-based virtual diesel generator for laboratory-scale applications

Abstract: This paper presents the modeling, simulation and real-time implementation of a laboratory-scale diesel generator emulator. The core of the digital implementation is a development kit based on the digital signal processor TMS320F2812, where the mathematical models of the controllers, diesel prime mover, coupling shaft and synchronous generator are computed in real-time. The interface with the load is a voltage source inverter. The capacitor voltages of the output filter are controlled to emulate the terminal voltages of the generator. The proposed system is compared in simulation with a diesel generator model from SimPowerSystems Simulink library. Then, a low-power prototype of the virtual diesel generator is implemented. Experimental results are satisfactory, but further work is required in order to increase the power level of the prototype, and also to test the emulator with different models of diesel engines and electrical generators.

Sizing of a hybrid locomotive based on accumulators and ultracapacitors

Abstract: In this paper, hybridization of a BB460000 locomotive is proposed integrating a reduced power diesel generator, batteries and ultracapacitors as storage elements. The power mission of the BB460000 locomotive is studied in order to analyze its ability to be hybridized and to identify the most critical mission. An energy management strategy based on a frequency sharing is proposed. It allows strongly decreasing the nominal power of the diesel generator. Then, through a power flow sizing model, the hybrid locomotive is sized with Ni-Cd batteries and ultracapacitors. The uselessness of ultracapacitors on energetic, geometrical, financial and lifetime plans is shown.

Operational management of CHP-based microgrid

Abstract: Energy management of CHP-based microgrid is largely dependent on optimal deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs), where optimal bus-locations, capacity-sizes, and types are three major points to be considered in a microgrid planning. Investment and O&M cost, including fuel cost, are solely dependent on types of DERs. Present paper searches a way-out of how a electrical tracking demand is economically shared between micro-turbines and diesel generators on the basis of multi-objective optimization of fuel cost as well as emission in 4-DER 14-bus radial microgrids. Optimization is done using PSO technique under real power demand equality constraint and DERs capacity limits constraint.

Modeling of stand-alone variable speed diesel generator using doubly-fed induction generator

Abstract: Diesel generators are widely used to supply electric power to remote and isolated areas where grid extension is prohibitive due to financial and technical constrains. In order to maintain an acceptable efficiency and moderate operation condition, the conventional constant speed diesel generators are designed to run above a specific minimum load requirement, which is normally over 50% of rated power, even though the actual load power demand is low. This results in low fuel efficiency. Operating the diesel generator running under variable speed operation can avoid the defects of conventional constant speed diesel generator. This paper proposed a simulation analysis of a stand-alone variable speed diesel generator that the rotating shaft of diesel engine is directly coupled to a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) to obtain an output voltage with constant frequency and constant magnitude. Indirect stator flux orientation vector control strategy is adopted to control DFIG for stand-alone operation and the simulation results are presented and confirm the validity of the strategy.

Optimal operation of smart grid in isolated island

Abstract: From the perspective of global warming suppression and depletion of energy resources, renewable energy such as wind generation (WG) and photovoltaic facility (PV) are getting attention in distribution systems. On the other hand, the introduction of an all-electric house is increasing in the world. So the controllable load such as electric water heater, heat pump, and electric vehicles are introduced to the power system. In addition, controllable load such as electric water heater, heat pump, and electric vehicles could accomplish to shift the high demand in daytime to the low demand in nighttime and it is effective method for leveling the load and upgrading the load factor. The authors propose an optimization approach to determine operational planning of WG, PV facility, diesel generator (DG), and battery energy storage system (BESS). In this optimization approach, it is assumed that forecast data of wind speed, solar insolated, and load demand are available. The proposed method uses tabu search and genetic algorithm for optimization method. Optimizing procedure is divided by two patrs. Firstly, actual load is controlled by controllable load. Secandly, the schedule of diesel generator units commitment problem is decided in the revised load. The simulation results show the reduction of operational cost.

Tribrid electric transportation system

Abstract: A tribrid electric transportation system including a dual generator wind turbine to produce wind energy, a solar panel mounted to the roof gathers a secondary source of solar energy, and a diesel fueled electric generator or fuel cell adds a third source of energy to an electric motor to propel the vehicle forward. The vehicle may consist of a plurality of vehicle types. A switching and control system allows the battery bank to be recharged when necessary, from any of the three primary sources of energy. The system is designed to have at least two energy sources directly power the electric motor, thereby preserving the battery pack as reserve energy when needed. An emergency backup charging unit may be available if the battery bank cannot be sufficiently recharged by the tribrid solar, wind and diesel generator or fuel cell systems. The invention takes advantage of this backup energy system to run more efficiently, under any condition, for longer distances and to preserve the battery bank for a much longer period of time.

Solar-wind hybrid power for rural Indian cell sites

Abstract: Rapid expansion of rural cell phone subscriber base in India is facing some tough challenges in getting the stable back up power for cell sites. Grid power availability is very poor and use of diesel generator is turning out to be expensive with heavy fuel and transportation costs. Use of alternative energy provides a long term viable solution. Solar-wind hybrid power generation system was installed on a typical rural Indian cell site to demonstrate the reduction of fuel consumption by over 90%. Practical implementation and results are presented in this paper along with providing the grid power availability scenario in rural India.

Analysis of an Emergency Diesel Generator Control System by Compositional Model Checking

Abstract: Digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems containing programmable logic controllers are challenging to verify. They enable complicated control functions and the state spaces (number of distinct values of inputs, outputs and internal memory) of the designs easily become too large for comprehensive manual inspection. Model checking is a formal method that can be used for verifying that systems have been correctly designed. A number of efficient model checking systems are available which provide analysis tools that are able to determine automatically whether a given state machine model satisfies the desired safety properties. The practical case analysed in this research project is called an "emergency diesel generator control system" and its purpose is to provide reserve power to critical devices and computers that must be available without interruption. This report describes 1) the development of a compositional approach for checking the models in large system designs, 2) the development of a modular model checking approach for modelling function block diagrams with the Uppaal model checker and 3) the experience of utilising the new modelling approaches in practice.

Design, Operation and Economic Analysis of Autonomous Hybrid PV-Diesel Power Systems Including Battery Storage

Abstract: This paper presents a systematic techno-economic analysis of autonomous PV-Diesel energy system with battery storage. This hybrid type power system was developed and installed on the roof of the Electrical Engineering Laboratory building in the city of Xanthi, Greece, where a weather station is also installed providing necessary meteorological data since 2002. Such system can be generally used to supply electrical loads of isolated remote areas. The actual design of such a system is based on: a pre-defined load pattern to be supplied; the pertinent weather data; the relevant market prices; and the applicable recent economic rates (eg June 2009 for the Greek case). The system is operated on a predictive manner using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) which controls the main system parameters for safe and continuous power supply to meet reliably the desired load demand. Three distinct systems of this type and of equal capacity, which combine energy sources and battery storage have been proposed and assessed technically and economically. K e y w o r d s: diesel generator, PV generator, battery bank, bidirectional inverter, programmable logic controller