Showing papers on "Nanobiotechnology published in 2010"
TL;DR: The dramatic delivery, protection, and sensing capabilities of GO-nS in living cells indicate that graphene oxide could be a robust candidate for many biological fields, such as DNA and protein analysis, gene and drug delivering, and intracellular tracking.
Abstract: Graphene has shown fascinating applications in bionanotechnology, including DNA sensing, protein assays, and drug delivery. However, exploration of graphene with intracellular monitoring and in situ molecular probing is still at an early stage. In this regard, we have designed an aptamer-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)/graphene oxide nanosheet (GO-nS) nanocomplex to investigate its ability for molecular probing in living cells. Results demonstrate that uptake of aptamer-FAM/GO-nS nanocomplex and cellular target monitoring were realized successfully. The dramatic delivery, protection, and sensing capabilities of GO-nS in living cells indicate that graphene oxide could be a robust candidate for many biological fields, such as DNA and protein analysis, gene and drug delivering, and intracellular tracking.
1,025 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that chemical reactions with single molecules can be performed and imaged at a local position on a DNA origami scaffold by atomic force microscopy and demonstrate the feasibility of post-assembly chemical modification of DNA nanostructures and their potential use as locally addressable solid supports.
Abstract: DNA nanotechnology and particularly DNA origami, in which long, single-stranded DNA molecules are folded into predetermined shapes, can be used to form complex self-assembled nanostructures. Although DNA itself has limited chemical, optical or electronic functionality, DNA nanostructures can serve as templates for building materials with new functional properties. Relatively large nanocomponents such as nanoparticles and biomolecules can also be integrated into DNA nanostructures and imaged. Here, we show that chemical reactions with single molecules can be performed and imaged at a local position on a DNA origami scaffold by atomic force microscopy. The high yields and chemoselectivities of successive cleavage and bond-forming reactions observed in these experiments demonstrate the feasibility of post-assembly chemical modification of DNA nanostructures and their potential use as locally addressable solid supports.
488 citations
TL;DR: It is shown the RNA nano-scaffolds can self-assemble in isothermal conditions (37°C) during in vitro transcription, which opens a route towards the construction of sensors, programmable packaging and cargo delivery systems for biomedical applications.
Abstract: Three-dimensional nanoscale scaffolds can be self-assembled from RNA with precise control over their shape, size and composition.
326 citations
TL;DR: The current state of applications of pore-forming peptides and proteins in nanomedicine, sensing, and nanoelectronics is reviewed.
315 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the GO nanomaterials, which are readily synthesized on a large scale from a cheap graphite source, could have a wide range of bioapplications in the fields of biosensors, molecular imaging and nanobiotechnology.
228 citations
TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art approaches to NO-release from nanomeric materials, their preparation, and promising biomedical applications are reviewed.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in several physiological processes, such as the control of vascular tone, the inhibition of platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell replication, the immune response, and wound healing processes. Several pathologies have been associated with dysfunctions in the endogenous production of NO. Thus, there is great interest in developing NO-releasing drugs and in matrices which are able to stabilize and release NO locally and directly in different tissues. Over the past few years, a very promising strategy for biocompatible NO-delivery systems has emerged based on the use of nanobiotechnology for targeted NO-release for biomedical applications. In this work, the current state-of-the-art approaches to NO-release from nanomeric materials, their preparation, and promising biomedical applications are reviewed. Such materials, comprised of dendrimers, liposomes, metallic and silica nanoparticles, polymeric micro and nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and nanoporous solid materials exhibit exceptional potential in directly delivering NO in a controlled spatial and temporal manner with superior biocompatibility for pharmacological applications.
206 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed dynamically crosslinkable materials using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as multivalent crosslinkers for semi-synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) hydrogels.
Abstract: Bioprinting employs three-dimensional (3D) deposition of cells and biomaterials to create organized structures with organappropriate architecture. Such engineered organs could offer alternatives to inadequate donor organ supplies, [ 1 , 2 ] and bioprinted human tissues could improve predictability during preclinical evaluation of therapeutic agents. [ 3 ] However, scalability of bioprinting is limited by lack of extrudable, biocompatible materials that can retain form, be remodeled by cells, be removed to create lumens, and offer layer-to-layer connectivity following assembly. To address these needs, we developed dynamically crosslinkable materials using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as multivalent crosslinkers. Specifi cally, 24 nm AuNPs and thiolmodifi ed biomacromonomers derived from hyaluronic acid (HA) and gelatin were used to form printable semi-synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) hydrogels. AuNP-sECMs are unique in having dynamic crosslinks; that is, both intra-gel and inter-gel covalent interactions can form and reform during and after printing. Moreover, AuNP-thiol crosslinking is reversible in the presence of benign thiols such as cysteine. In a proof-ofconcept experiment, AuNP-sECMs were used to print tubular tissue constructs using an automated bioprinting system. In bioprinting, cells (the “bio-ink”) and hydrogels (the “biopaper”) are deposited into precise 3D geometries by a 3-axis printer in a fashion enabling maturation into functional tissues. [ 4,5 ] Recently, cell aggregates and cell rods were printed into tubular assemblies that fused into seamless structures. [ 6,7 ]
199 citations
TL;DR: Nanooncology, the application of nanobiotechnology to the management of cancer, is currently the most important chapter of nanomedicine.
Abstract: Nanooncology, the application of nanobiotechnology to the management of cancer, is currently the most important chapter of nanomedicine. Nanobiotechnology has refined and extended the limits of molecular diagnosis of cancer, for example, through the use of gold nanoparticles and quantum dots. Nanobiotechnology has also improved the discovery of cancer biomarkers, one such example being the sensitive detection of multiple protein biomarkers by nanobiosensors. Magnetic nanoparticles can capture circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream followed by rapid photoacoustic detection. Nanoparticles enable targeted drug delivery in cancer that increases efficacy and decreases adverse effects through reducing the dosage of anticancer drugs administered. Nanoparticulate anticancer drugs can cross some of the biological barriers and achieve therapeutic concentrations in tumor and spare the surrounding normal tissues from toxic effects. Nanoparticle constructs facilitate the delivery of various forms of energy for noninvasive thermal destruction of surgically inaccessible malignant tumors. Nanoparticle-based optical imaging of tumors as well as contrast agents to enhance detection of tumors by magnetic resonance imaging can be combined with delivery of therapeutic agents for cancer. Monoclonal antibody nanoparticle complexes are under investigation for diagnosis as well as targeted delivery of cancer therapy. Nanoparticle-based chemotherapeutic agents are already on the market, and several are in clinical trials. Personalization of cancer therapies is based on a better understanding of the disease at the molecular level, which is facilitated by nanobiotechnology. Nanobiotechnology will facilitate the combination of diagnostics with therapeutics, which is an important feature of a personalized medicine approach to cancer.
189 citations
TL;DR: Cell permeability, combined with small sizes and natural nontoxicity are all excellent features that make the DNA-micelles highly suitable for a variety of applications in nanobiotechnology, cell biology, and drug delivery systems.
Abstract: Functional nanomaterials based on molecular self-assembly hold great promise for applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, their efficacy could be a problem and can be improved by precisely controlling the size, structure and functions. This would require a molecular engineering design capable of producing monodispersed functional materials characterized by beneficial changes in size, shape and chemical structure. To address this challenge, we have designed and constructed a series of amphiphilic oligonucleotide molecules. In aqueous solutions, the amphiphilic oligonucleotide molecules, consisting of a hydrophilic oligonucleotide covalently linked to hydrophobic diacyllipid tails, spontaneously self-assemble into monodispersed, three dimensional micellar nanostructures with a lipid core and a DNA corona. These hierarchical architectures are results of intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. Experimental testing further showed that these types of micelles have excellent thermal stability and their size can be fine tuned by changing the length of the DNA sequence. Moreover, in the micelle system, the molecular recognition properties of DNA are intact, thus, our DNA micelles can hybridize with complimentary sequences while remain their structural integrity. Importantly, when interacting with cell membranes, the highly charged DNA micelles are able to disintegrate themselves and insert into cell membrane, completing the process of internalization by endocytosis. Interestingly, the fluorescence was found accumulated in confined regions of cytosole. Finally, we show that the kinetics of this internalization process is size-dependent. Therefore, cell permeability, combined with small sizes and natural nontoxicity, are all excellent features that make our DNA-micelles highly suitable for a variety of applications in nanobiotechnology, cell biology, and drug delivery systems.
161 citations
TL;DR: Recent developments in nanobiotechnology are reviewed with special emphasis on load bearing implants and novel tissue engineered scaffolds and major challenges to practical applications are highlighted.
Abstract: Incorporation of functionalised and modified nanostructures in various biomedical applications has generated considerable research interest in recent years. The applications of nanotechnology in medicine and biomedical engineering are vast and spans areas such as implant and tissue engineering, diagnosis and therapy. The present scenario demands designing of nanotools which can respond to the needs of biological problems and prepare more efficient biomedical approaches. This article reviews recent developments in nanobiotechnology with special emphasis on load bearing implants and novel tissue engineered scaffolds. Novel research approaches in nanomedicine and major challenges to practical applications are also highlighted.
106 citations
TL;DR: Results confirm these nanoparticles as excellent contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and indicate that they are excellent candidates for their further application in nanomedicine or nanobiotechnology.
Abstract: Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles with excellent size control are showed here. Their functionalization using an amphiphilic polymer is also described. This strategy allows the stabilization of magnetic nanoparticles in aqueous solvents and in addition, the polymer shell serves as a platform to incorporate relevant biomolecules, such as poly(ethylene glycol) and a number of carbohydrates. Nanoparticles functionalized with carbohydrates show the ability to avoid unspecific interactions between proteins present in the working medium and the nanoparticles, so can be used as an alternative to poly(ethylene glycol) molecules. Results confirm these nanoparticles as excellent contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Changes in the spin–spin transversal relaxation times of the surrounding water protons due to nanoparticle aggregation demonstrates the bioactivity of these nanoparticles functionalized with carbohydrates. To finish with, nanoparticle toxicity is evaluated by means of MTT assay. The obtained results clearly indicate that these nanoparticles are excellent candidates for their further application in nanomedicine or nanobiotechnology.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the design and biomedical application of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles is presented, which shows that such nanoparticles could be applied to biological medical problems such as protein purification, bacterial detection, and toxin decorporation.
Abstract: The combination of nanotechnology and molecular biology has developed into an emerging research area: nanobiotechnology. Magnetic nanoparticles are well-established nanomaterials that offer controlled size, ability to be manipulated externally, and enhancement of contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a result, these nanoparticles could have many applications in biology and medicine, including protein purification, drug delivery, and medical imaging. Because of the potential benefits of multimodal functionality in biomedical applications, researchers would like to design and fabricate multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles. Currently, there are two strategies to fabricate magnetic nanoparticle-based multifunctional nanostructures. The first, molecular functionalization, involves attaching antibodies, proteins, and dyes to the magnetic nanoparticles. The other method integrates the magnetic nanoparticles with other functional nanocomponents, such as quantum dots (QDs) or metallic nanoparticles. Because they can exhibit several features synergistically and deliver more than one function simultaneously, such multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles could have unique advantages in biomedical applications. In this Account, we review examples of the design and biomedical application of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles. After their conjugation with proper ligands, antibodies, or proteins, the biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles exhibit highly selective binding. These results indicate that such nanoparticles could be applied to biological medical problems such as protein purification, bacterial detection, and toxin decorporation. The hybrid nanostructures, which combine magnetic nanoparticles with other nanocomponents, exhibit paramagnetism alongside features such as fluorescence or enhanced optical contrast. Such structures could provide a platform for enhanced medical imaging and controlled drug delivery. We expect that the combination of unique structural characteristics and integrated functions of multicomponent magnetic nanoparticles will attract increasing research interest and could lead to new opportunities in nanomedicine.
TL;DR: A review of peptide motifs and their applications in the nanobiotechnology field can be found in this paper, where they have been used to identify the surfaces of solid materials and to mineralize certain inorganic materials.
TL;DR: Advances in bio-applications such as cell-labelling/cell membrane modelling, agent delivery and targeting, tissue engineering, organ regeneration, nanoncology and immunoassay strategies, along the major limitations and potential future and advances are highlighted in this review.
Abstract: Modern breakthroughs in the fields of proteomics and DNA micro-arrays have widened the horizons of nanotechnology for applications with peptides and nucleic acids. Hence, biomimetic interest in the study and formulation of nanoscaled bio-structures, -materials, -devices and -therapeutic agent delivery vehicles has been recently increasing. Many of the currently–investigated functionalized bio-nanosystems draw their inspiration from naturally-occurring phenomenon, prompting the integration of molecular signals and mimicking natural processes, at the cell, tissue and organ levels. Technologically, the ability to obtain spherical nanostructures exhibiting combinations of several properties that neither individual material possesses on its own renders colloidal core-shell architectured nanosystems particularly attractive. The three main developments presently foreseen in the nanomedicine sub-arena of nanobiotechnology are: sensorization (biosensors/ biodetection), diagnosis (biomarkers/bioimaging) and drug, protein or gene delivery (systemic vs. localized/targeted controlled–release systems). Advances in bio-applications such as cell-labelling/cell membrane modelling, agent delivery and targeting, tissue engineering, organ regeneration, nanoncology and immunoassay strategies, along the major limitations and potential future and advances are highlighted in this review. Herein, is an attempt to address some of the most recent works focusing on bio-inspired and -functional polymeric-based core-shell nanoparticulate systems aimed for agent delivery. It is founded, mostly, on specialized research and review articles that have emerged during the last ten years.
TL;DR: Not only does the biological interface of nanoparticles (NPs) need to be understood and controlled, but also NPs must be treated as biological entities rather than inorganic ones.
TL;DR: Waterborne microbial diseases are escalating worldwide increasing the need for powerful and sensitive diagnostics tools, and nanobiotechnology will play an important role in the detection of microbial pathogens.
Abstract: Waterborne microbial diseases are escalating worldwide increasing the need for powerful and sensitive diagnostics tools. Molecular methodologies, including immunological and nucleic acid-based methods, have only recently been applied in the water sector. Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have opened the door for the development of new diagnostic tools with increased sensitivity and speed, and reduced cost and labor. Quantum dots, flo dots, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, and nanocantilevers, with their unique optical and physical properties, have already been applied in nanodiagnostics. Nanobiotechnology, once remaining technical and practical problems has been addressed, will play an important role in the detection of microbial pathogens.
TL;DR: The experimental results illustrate that an increased rate of fibrillation occurs following a thermally activated mechanism in conjunction with the addition of NPs into the protein system, which gives rise to the understanding and possibility of controlling biological self-assembly processes for use in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine.
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are extremely small in size and possess very large surface areas, which gives them unique properties and applications distinct from those of bulk systems. When exposed to biological fluid, these NPs may become coated with proteins and other biomolecules given their dynamic nature. Hence, there is a significant possibility of an enhanced rate of protein fibrillation by utilizing the NPs as nucleation centers and, thus, promoting fibril formation. Protein fibrillation is closely associated with many fatal human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and a variety of systemic amyloidoses. This topic of protein-NP interaction brings about many key issues and concerns, especially with respect to the potential risks to human health and the environment. Herein, we demonstrate the effects of specific NPs, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), in the process of protein fibril formation from samples of human serum albumin (HSA). The protein-NP systems are analyzed by time-lapse Thioflavin T spectroscopy, Congo red binding assays, circular dichroism (CD), protein fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our experimental results illustrate that an increased rate of fibrillation occurs following a thermally activated mechanism in conjunction with the addition of NPs into the protein system. These results give rise to the understanding and possibility of controlling biological self-assembly processes for use in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine.
DOI•
28 Feb 2010
TL;DR: This review focuses on the emerging trends in the development of wide array of nanomaterials for biological applications and mainly the QDs - their properties, toxicity studies and some of their biological applications like labeling of cellular structures/molecules, cell uptake, biocompatibility, bioconjugation etc.
Abstract: Nanobiotechnology, an exciting interdisciplinary field of science, is making rapid progress in recent years with the development of new kinds of materials with all the desired physico-chemical properties needed for their successful application in various fields, in particular, medicine. Nanomaterials find applications in different thrust areas of medicine like therapeutics, diagnostics, surgical devices/implants, novel drug delivery systems etc. Recent advancements in this field include the development of semiconductor nanocrystals called “Quantum Dots” (QDs) and their very recent modifications called “Cornell Dots” (CU). Both QDs and CUs have extra-ordinary physico-chemical properties and have either low or no toxicity at all depending on the type of shell coated around the heavy metal. Of late, the toxic heavy metal core is also being replaced suitably for avoiding any potential risk during the long accumulation periods of these particles in biological tissues. This review focuses on the emerging trends in the development of wide array of nanomaterials for biological applications. The areas of emphasis include mainly the QDs - their properties, toxicity studies and some of their biological applications like labeling of cellular structures/molecules, cell uptake, biocompatibility, bioconjugation etc. Also, a short note is added on Cornell dots.
Key words: Nanobiotechnology, nanomaterials, quantum dots, Cornell dots, biological applications, biocompatibility, bioconjugation etc.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the largest amount of proteins adsorbed on fibers does not determine the best performance in terms of cell attachment and proliferation in vitro, which is instead related to the type of linking and the relevant role played by adsorption of serum biomolecules on the three-dimensional nanostructures.
Abstract: Polymer electrospun fibers are gaining increasing importance in nanobiotechnology, due to their intrinsic three-dimensional topography and biochemical flexibility. Here we present an in-depth study of protein functionalisation for polymethylmethacrylate fibers. We compare different coating approaches for type I collagen, including physisorption and covalent binding methods relying on functional linkers. The biofunctionalised fibers are investigated by scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy, wettability measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and protein quantification assays. We demonstrate that the largest amount of proteins adsorbed on fibers does not determine the best performance in terms of cell attachment and proliferation in vitro, which is instead related to the type of linking and the relevant role played by adsorption of serum biomolecules on the three-dimensional nanostructures. This study is relevant for designing and engineering novel biomaterials and scaffold architectures based on electrospun nanofibers.
TL;DR: Some important aspects of conjugating the unique physical properties of dots or wires with the remarkable recognition capabilities of DNA which could lead to miniaturizing biological electronics and optical devices, including biosensors and probes are highlighted.
Abstract: Biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have shown great potential in fabrication and construction of nanostructures and devices. The very properties that make DNA so effective as genetic material also make it a very suitable molecule for programmed self-assembly. The use of DNA to assemble metals or semiconducting particles has been extended to construct metallic nanowires and functionalized nanotubes. This paper highlights some important aspects of conjugating the unique physical properties of dots or wires with the remarkable recognition capabilities of DNA which could lead to miniaturizing biological electronics and optical devices, including biosensors and probes. Attempts to use DNA-based nanocarriers for gene delivery are discussed. In addition, the ecological advantages and risks of nanotechnology including DNA-based nanobiotechnology are evaluated.
TL;DR: This review describes the different ways of nanoparticles (NP) based approaches for the electrochemical detection of proteins of interest in medical diagnostics reported in the last five years and some examples of interesting methodologies optimised only for model proteins are given.
Abstract: Importance of the field: The detection of proteins is of crucial importance in the nowadays' medicine for the early diagnosis of diseases. In this context, electrochemical immunoassays coupled with the recent advances in nanobiotechnology and nanomaterials (e.g. nanoparticles, NPs) offer new alternatives for clinical diagnostic procedures. Nanoparticles are being used for the electrochemical detection of proteins taking advantage of their versatility and electrochemistry inherent advantages.Areas covered in this review: This review describes the different ways of nanoparticles (NP) based approaches for the electrochemical detection of proteins of interest in medical diagnostics reported in the last five years. Furthermore, some examples of interesting methodologies optimised only for model proteins are also given because of their potential interest for future clinical applications.What the reader will gain: NPs such as gold NPs (AuNPs) and quantum dots NPs (QDs) can be used as labels for protein biomarker...
TL;DR: Using temperature-sensitive ion channels and magnetic nanoparticles attached to membranes of cells, the electrical activity in neurons can be controlled by an externally applied magnetic field.
Abstract: Using temperature-sensitive ion channels and magnetic nanoparticles attached to membranes of cells, the electrical activity in neurons can be controlled by an externally applied magnetic field.
TL;DR: Nanotechnology is a branch of science dedicated to the improvement and utilization of devices and structures ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size, in which new chemical, physical, and biological properties, not seen in bulk materials, can be observed as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The term “nanotechnology” is derived from the Greek word ‘nano’, meaning ‘dwarf’, and applies to the principles of engineering and manufacturing at a molecular level. The common definition of nanotechnology is that of manipulation, observation, measurement and synthesis at a scale of 1 to 100 nanometers (Raj and Asha, 2009). Nanobiotechnology is a new branch of science dedicated to the improvement and utilization of devices and structures ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size, in which new chemical, physical, and biological properties, not seen in bulk materials, can be observed. There is tremendous excitement in this field with respect to their fundamental properties, organization of superstructure and applications.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the modular system applied to capture living cells on microstructured DNA surfaces is well suited for specific capture and selection of cells from culture medium and should be useful for fundamental research in cell biology or applications in biomedical diagnostics, drug screening, and nanobiotechnology.
Abstract: A modular system for the DNA-directed immobilization of antibodies was applied to capture living cells on microstructured DNA surfaces. It is demonstrated in two different set-ups, static incubation and hydrodynamic flow, that this approach is well suited for specific capture and selection of cells from culture medium. The adhered cells show intact morphology and they can be cultivated to grow to dense monolayers, restricted to the lateral dimensions of DNA spots on the surface. Owing to the modularity of surface biofunctionalization, the system can readily be configured to serve as a matrix for adhesion and growth of different cells, as demonstrated by specific binding of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and Hodgkin lymphoma L540cy cells onto patches bearing appropriate recognition moieties inside a microfluidic channel. We therefore anticipate that the systems described here should be useful for fundamental research in cell biology or applications in biomedical diagnostics, drug screening, and nanobiotechnology.
TL;DR: A novel autonomous bio-barcode DNA machine that is driven by template-dependent DNA replication is developed to exponentially amplify special DNA sequences and may have an even broader application in the rapidly developing field of nanobiotechnology.
Abstract: A novel autonomous bio-barcode DNA machine that is driven by template-dependent DNA replication is developed to exponentially amplify special DNA sequences. Combined with a DNA aptamer recognition element, the DNA machine can be further applied in the aptamer-based, amplified analysis of small molecules. As a model analyte, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is determined by using the DNA machine system in combination with a DNA aptamer recognition strategy and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Under the optimum conditions, detection limits as low as 2.8×10(-17) M (3σ) for target DNA and 4.7×10(-9) M (3σ) for ATP are achieved. The satisfactory determination of ATP in K562 leukemia cell and Ramos Burkitt's lymphoma cell reveal that this protocol possesses good selectivity and practicality. As a promising biomolecular device, this DNA machine may have an even broader application in the rapidly developing field of nanobiotechnology.
15 Oct 2010
TL;DR: The fabrication of the biosensor platforms by means of the integration of the genetically engineered fusion proteins and the uniform gold nanoparticle-deposited multi-walled nanotube hybrid films for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) revealed better performance compared to conventional Au-based biosensors.
Abstract: We have demonstrated the fabrication of the biosensor platforms by means of the integration of the genetically engineered fusion proteins and the uniform gold nanoparticle-deposited multi-walled nanotube hybrid (Au-MWNT-HB) films for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). Au-MWNT-HB films were used as a good electrochemical transducer due to their excellent electrical properties and large surface areas for the signal transduction, while the genetically engineered fusion proteins, or 6His–GBP–SpA fusion proteins, specifically bind onto the surface of the Au-MWNT-HB films and efficiently immobilize bioreceptors for the detection of CRP. As-obtained biosensor platforms were characterized by electrochemical and optical analysis and revealed better performance compared to conventional Au-based biosensors. The concept delineated herein opens a new insight into nanobiotechnology through the integration of genetically engineered biomaterials with carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanohybrids for emerging applications.
TL;DR: A brief overview of nanotechnology is provided, covering nanomaterial synthesis methods (with emphasis on environmentally benign greener approaches), their properties, and applications; such as drug delivery, bio-labeling, nanotoxicity etc.
Abstract: Nanotechnology and nanoengineering includes a novel class of materials that are gaining significant recognition to pursuit technological/biological advances in diverse fields including, biology, medicine, electronics, engineering etc. due to their unique size- and shape-dependent intrinsic physicochemical, optoelectronic and biological properties. Characteristics such as high surface to volume ratios and quantum confinement results in materials that are qualitatively different from their bulk counterparts. These properties not only make them suitable for numerous applications in existing and emerging technologies, but also have outstanding role in many fields that provide inspiration for their fabrication. In Today's trend nanotechnology is spreading vigorously where researchers all over the world are focusing towards their synthesis and applications. Therefore, this review is helpful for the researchers in the field of nanobiotechnology/nanomedicine, providing a brief overview of nanotechnology, covering nanomaterial synthesis methods (with emphasis on environmentally benign greener approaches), their properties, and applications; such as drug delivery, bio-labeling, nanotoxicity etc. The influence of synthesis methods and surface coatings/stabilizing agents and their subsequent applications is discussed, and a broad outline on the biomedical applications into which they have been implemented is also presented.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers fulfil key requirements as building blocks and patterning elements for the production of new supramolecular materials and nanoscale devices as required in molecular nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology and biomimetics.
Abstract: Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) are key structural components of many bacterial and archaeal cell envelopes. The broad application potential of S-layers in nanobiotechnology is based on specific intrinsic features of the monomolecular arrays which can be split into their constituting subunits and reassembled in suspension or on suitable surfaces (e.g., polymers, metals, silicon wafers) or interfaces (e.g., lipid films, liposomes). S-layers also represent a unique structural basis and patterning element for generating more complex supramolecular structures involving all major classes of biological molecules. Thus, S-layers fulfil key requirements as building blocks and patterning elements for the production of new supramolecular materials and nanoscale devices as required in molecular nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology and biomimetics.
TL;DR: The current situation and development of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their applications in drug delivery and hyperthermia in tumor-targeted therapy are described.
Abstract: Recently, nanometer-sized magnetic particles have been intensively concerned and investigated due to their particularly large surface-to-volume ratio, quantum-size effect, magnetic character as well as their potential application in the area of bioscience and medicine. The most promising nanoparticles are magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with appropriate surface modification, which have been widely used experimentally for numerous in vivo applications such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, tissue repair, immunoassay, detoxification of biological fluids, drug delivery, hyperthermia and cell separation. To focus on one of the most important and fascinating subjects in nanobiotechnology, this review describes the current situation and development of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their applications in drug delivery and hyperthermia in tumor-targeted therapy. The possible perspectives and some challenges to further development of these nanoparticles are also analyzed and discussed.
TL;DR: Molecular design using short peptides as new materials will play increasingly important role in biomedical research, nanobiotechnology, clinical science and medicine.
Abstract: Macromolecuar chemistry and polymer science have had an enormous impact in many areas of science, engineering, medicine and our daily life. It has not only changed our way of life forever, but also continuously to improve our living standard. Macromolecuar chemistry now also encompasses bioengineering, biomimetics, designer biological materials and nanobiotechnology. Here we summarize a few classes of short peptides that we discovered and invented with broad applications including 3 D tissue cell culture, reparative and regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, slow drug release, stabilization of membrane proteins for develop nanobiotechnology and molecular devices. Molecular design using short peptides as new materials will play increasingly important role in biomedical research, nanobiotechnology, clinical science and medicine.