Showing papers on "Verbal learning published in 2022"
TL;DR:
Abstract: Abstract Objective To determine the longitudinal trajectories and normative standards of episodic memory in older adults. Methods Participants were drawn from the cognitively normal(CN) subgroup of the population-based HELIAD cohort, a fairly representative cohort of the older Greek population. Verbal and non-verbal memory were assessed using the Greek Verbal Learning Test and Medical College of Georgia-Complex Figure Test. Baseline and longitudinal associations of memory performance with age, sex and formal education were explored with linear regression analysis and generalized estimated equations. Results A total of 1607 predominantly female (60%) individuals (73.82 ± 5.43 years), with a mean educational attainment of 8.17(±4.86) years were CN at baseline. Baseline analysis revealed a continuum of memory decline with aging and lower educational attainment. Women performed better in composite and verbal memory measures, while men performed better in non-verbal memory tasks. A subgroup of 761 participants with available assessments after 3.07(±0.82) years remained CN at follow-up. Composite memory scores yearly diminished by an additional 0.007 of a SD for each additional year of age at baseline. Regarding verbal learning, immediate free verbal recall, delayed free verbal recall and delayed cued verbal recall, an additional yearly decrease of 0.107, 0.043, 0.036 and 0.026 words were respectively recorded at follow-up, for each additional year of age at baseline. Women underwent steeper yearly decreases of 0.227 words in delayed cued verbal recall. No significant longitudinal associations emerged for immediate non-verbal memory, delayed non-verbal memory and immediate cued verbal recall. Conclusions In the present study, aging (but not educational attainment) was consistently associated with steeper verbal memory decline. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2022.2059011 .
11 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary longitudinal findings suggest accelerated hippocampal volume loss in ASD and slightly higher rates of clinically‐meaningful decline in verbal short‐term memory in autistic adults.
Abstract: Research studying aging in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is growing, but longitudinal work is needed. Autistic adults have increased risk of dementia, altered hippocampal volumes and fornix integrity, and verbal memory difficulties compared with neurotypical (NT) adults. This study examined longitudinal aging in middle‐age adults with ASD versus a matched NT group, and compared findings with cross‐sectional age effects across a broad adult age range. Participants were 194 adults with (n = 106; 74 male) and without (n = 88; 52 male) ASD, ages 18–71. Participants (n = 45; 40–70 age range) with two visits (2–3 years apart) were included in a longitudinal analysis. Hippocampal volume, fornix fractional anisotropy (FA), and verbal memory were measured via T1‐weighted MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, respectively. Longitudinal mixed models were used for hippocampal system variables and reliable change index categories were used for Auditory Verbal Learning Test analyses. Multivariate regression was used for cross‐sectional analyses. Middle‐age adults with ASD had greater longitudinal hippocampal volume loss and were more likely to show clinically meaningful decline in short‐term memory, compared with NT. In contrast, cross‐sectional associations between increasing age and worsening short‐term memory were identified in NT, but not autistic adults. Reduced fornix FA and long‐term memory in ASD were found across the broad cross‐sectional age range. These preliminary longitudinal findings suggest accelerated hippocampal volume loss in ASD and slightly higher rates of clinically‐meaningful decline in verbal short‐term memory. Contradictory cross‐sectional and longitudinal results underscore the importance of longitudinal aging research in autistic adults.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a multivariate meta-analysis was performed, and effect sizes were estimated for eleven cognitive domains: attention, executive function, response inhibition, social cognition, speed of processing, verbal / language, verbal learning, verbal memory, visual learning & memory, visuospatial abilities, and working memory.
Abstract: Impairment in cognition is frequently associated with acute ketamine administration. However, some questions remain unanswered as to which deficits are most prominent and what variables modulate these effects.A literature search yielded 56 experimental studies of acute ketamine administration that assessed cognition in 1041 healthy volunteers. A multivariate meta-analysis was performed, and effect sizes were estimated for eleven cognitive domains: attention, executive function, response inhibition, social cognition, speed of processing, verbal / language, verbal learning, verbal memory, visual learning & memory, visuospatial abilities, and working memory.There were small-to-moderate impairments across all cognitive domains. Deficits in verbal learning / memory were most prominent, whereas response inhibition was the least affected. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the negative effects of ketamine on cognition are dependent on infusion dose and plasma level, but unaffected by enantiomer type, route of administration, sex or age. A publication bias was observed.Acute ketamine broadly impairs cognition across all domains among healthy individuals. Verbal learning and memory figures most prominently in cognitive impairment elicited by acute ketamine administration.
7 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the effect of limited English proficiency (LEP) on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) on individual acquisition trials and delayed free recall.
Abstract: Abstract This study was designed to examine the effect of limited English proficiency (LEP) on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R). The HVLT-R was administered to 28 undergraduate student volunteers. Half were native speakers of English (NSE), half had LEP. The LEP sample performed significantly below NSE on individual acquisition trials and delayed free recall (large effects). In addition, participants with LEP scored 1.5–2 SDs below the normative mean. There was no difference in performance during recognition testing. LEP status was associated with a clinically significant deficit on the HVLT-R in a sample of cognitively healthy university students. Results suggest that low scores on auditory verbal learning tests in individuals with LEP should not be automatically interpreted as evidence of memory impairment or learning disability. LEP should be considered as grounds for academic accommodations. The generalizability of the findings is constrained by the small sample size.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the association between processing speed (PS) and learning in a large cohort of individuals with progressive MS and found that impaired processing speed is a primary consequence of MS, which in turn decreases learning.
Abstract: Objective: Processing speed (PS) deficits are the most common cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS), followed by learning and memory deficits, and are often an early cognitive problem. It has been argued that impaired PS is a primary consequence of MS, which in turn decreases learning. The current analysis examined the association between PS and learning in a large cohort of individuals with progressive MS. Methods: Baseline data from a randomized clinical trial on rehabilitation taking place at 11 centers across North America and Europe were analyzed. Participants included 275 individuals with clinically definite progressive MS (primary, secondary) consented into the trial. Results: Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) significantly correlated with California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) (r = 0.21, p = 0.0003) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT-R) (r = 0.516, p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the SDMT z score to distinguish between impaired and non-impaired CVLT-II performance demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.61 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.68) and a threshold of −1.62. ROC analysis between SDMT and BVMT-R resulted in an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.71–0.83) and threshold of −1.75 for the SDMT z score to predict impaired BVMT-R. Conclusion: Results indicate little ability beyond chance to predict CVLT-II from SDMT (61%), albeit statistically significant. In contrast, there was a 77% chance that the model could distinguish between impaired and non-impaired BVMT-R. Several potential explanations are discussed.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a list-learning task (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised) was administered to 17 patients with RNS implants during outpatient visits, and a crossover design was used in which half the patients had true stimulation during the initial visit and half had sham stimulation-followed by crossover to the other group at the next visit.
Abstract: The effects of brain stimulation on memory formation in humans have shown conflicting results in previous studies. We hypothesized that direct cortical stimulation using an implanted responsive neurostimulation (RNS) system will improve memory.To evaluate whether direct cortical stimulation using RNS improves memory as measured with recall scores of a list-learning task.During outpatient visits, a list-learning task (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised) was administered to 17 patients with RNS implants. Patients were read a list of 12 semantically related words and asked to recall the list after 3 different learning trials. True or sham stimulations were performed for every third word presented for immediate recall. Most patients had frontotemporal network stimulation-one patient each had insular and parietal stimulations. After a 20-min delay, they were asked to recall the list again, first freely and then through a "yes/no" recognition paradigm. A crossover design was used in which half the patients had true stimulation during the initial visit and half had sham stimulation-followed by crossover to the other group at the next visit.The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised delayed recall raw score was higher for the stimulation condition compared with the nonstimulation condition (paired t -test, P = .04, effect size d = 0.627).Verbal memory improves by direct cortical stimulation during a list-learning task. The RNS system can be effectively used in memory research using direct cortical stimulation. This study has implications in the development of neurostimulation devices for cognitive enhancement in conditions such as epilepsy, dementia, and traumatic brain injury.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of temporal spacing on children's learning of written words has been investigated, and the results suggest that temporal spacing influences the acquisition of new written word forms, extending the potential utility of the spacing principle to reading acquisition.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a conditional normative model for the Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) was developed to account for practice effects, and the aim of this study was to develop a model that accounts for the effect of practice effects.
3 citations
TL;DR: Glioblastoma patients prescribed with corticosteroids show poorer memory functions, expressive language, visual-motor scanning speed, and executive functioning than patients not using cortic Fosteroids, and the possibility of deleterious effects of corticosterone on NCF should be considered during clinical decision making.
Abstract: Abstract Background In patients with recurrent glioblastoma, corticosteroids are frequently used to mitigate intracranial pressure and to improve patient neurological functioning. To date, in these patients, no systematic studies have been performed to assess neurocognitive functioning (NCF) in relation to corticosteroid treatment. Methods Using baseline data (ie, prior to randomization) of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial 26101, we performed regression analysis to assess the predictive value of corticosteroid intake on performance of the EORTC brain tumor clinical trial NCF test battery. The battery is comprised of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised (HVLT-R), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA), and Trail Making Test (A and B). Results Out of 321 patients, 148 (46.1%) were not using corticosteroids, and 173 were using dexamethasone (34.3%), methylprednisolone (9.7%), or other corticosteroids (9.9%). Patients on corticosteroids had worse performance on all neurocognitive tests. Regression analyses demonstrated a negative association between corticosteroids use and the HVLT-R free recall score (R2 change = 0.034, F change (1, 272) = 13.392, P < .001) and HVLT-R Delayed Recall score (R2 change = 0.028, F change (1, 270) = 10.623, P = .002). No statistically significant association was found for HVLT-R Delayed recognition, COWA, TMT part A and TMT part B (P > .05). Conclusions Glioblastoma patients prescribed with corticosteroids show poorer memory functions, expressive language, visual-motor scanning speed, and executive functioning than patients not using corticosteroids. Furthermore, we found a negative association between corticosteroid intake and memory functions. The possibility of deleterious effects of corticosteroids on NCF should be considered during clinical decision making.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors, has been associated with poorer cognition in old age; however, it is unclear if it is connected to brain health earlier in life.
Abstract: Background Cardiovascular disease risk factors play a critical role in brain aging. The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors, has been associated with poorer cognition in old age; however, it is unclear if it is connected to brain health earlier in life. Methods We investigated the association of MetS ( n = 534, 18.5%) vs. no MetS ( n = 2,346, 81.5%) with cognition in midlife within the prospective study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA). At midlife (mean age 50), MetS was defined using National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. At the 5-year follow-up, a cognitive battery was administered including tests of processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test, DSST), executive function (the Stroop Test), verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT), verbal fluency (category and letter fluency), and global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA). A sub-sample ( n = 453) underwent brain MRI. Results Participants with MetS had worse performance on tests of verbal fluency, processing speed, executive function, and verbal memory ( p < 0.05), but not on global cognition. MetS was also associated with lower frontal, parietal, temporal, and total white matter integrity ( p < 0.05), as assessed with fractional anisotropy. Conclusions MetS is associated with lower cognition and microstructural brain alterations already at midlife, suggesting that MetS should be targeted earlier in life in order to prevent adverse brain and cognitive outcomes.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the influence of temporal spacing on children's learning of written words has been investigated, and the results suggest that temporal spacing influences the acquisition of new written word forms, extending the potential utility of the spacing principle to reading acquisition.
TL;DR: The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) is a gold-standard tool for assessing cognitive functioning in individuals with severe mental illness as mentioned in this paper , and it has been shown that participants with BD performed significantly better than those with SCZ on all MCCB subtests across administration formats.
23 May 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined how well traditional (total and delayed recall) and process-based (Rr) measures derived from Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning test (AVLT) were associated with these biomarkers.
Abstract: The preeminent in vivo cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated Tau (p-tau), and total Tau (t-tau). The goal of this study was to examine how well traditional (total and delayed recall) and process-based (recency ratio [Rr]) measures derived from Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning test (AVLT) were associated with these biomarkers.Data from 235 participants (Mage = 65.5, SD = 6.9), who ranged from cognitively unimpaired to mild cognitive impairment, and for whom CSF values were available, were extracted from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. Bayesian regression analyses were carried out using CSF scores as outcomes, AVLT scores as predictors, and controlling for demographic data and diagnosis.We found moderate evidence that Rr was associated with both CSF p-tau (Bayesian factor [BFM] = 5.55) and t-tau (BFM = 7.28), above and beyond the control variables, while it did not correlate with CSF Aβ42 levels. In contrast, total and delayed recall scores were not linked with any of the AD biomarkers, in separate analyses. When comparing all memory predictors in a single regression, Rr remained the strongest predictor of CSF t-tau levels (BFM = 3.57).Our findings suggest that Rr may be a better cognitive measure than commonly used AVLT scores to assess CSF levels of p-tau and t-tau in nondemented individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: This article investigated the role of verbal learning and consolidation in reading and spelling of children with and without dyslexia and found that children with dyslexias performed better in verbal learning compared to typically developing peers.
Abstract: The present study investigated the compensatory role of verbal learning and consolidation in reading and spelling of children with (N = 54) and without dyslexia (N = 36) and the role of verbal learning (learning new verbal information) and consolidation (remember the learned information over time) on the response to a phonics through spelling intervention of children with dyslexia. We also took phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, verbal working memory, and semantics into account. Results showed that children with dyslexia performed better in verbal learning and equal in verbal consolidation compared to typically developing peers. Regression analyses revealed that verbal learning did not predict reading but did predict spelling ability, across both groups; verbal consolidation did not predict reading, nor spelling. Furthermore, neither verbal learning nor verbal consolidation was related to responsiveness to a phonics through spelling intervention in children with dyslexia. Verbal learning may thus be seen as a compensatory mechanism for spelling before the intervention for children with dyslexia but is beneficial for typically developing children as well.
TL;DR: In this paper , the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637) were examined, and genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes were found.
Abstract: Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors identify neurocognitive problems associated with probable PTSD following traumatic brain injury in a civilian sample, and investigate the association between the PCL-5 and cognition.
Abstract: Neurocognitive problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can interact with impairment resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aimed to identify neurocognitive problems associated with probable PTSD following TBI in a civilian sample. The study is part of the CENTER-TBI project (Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research) that aims to better characterize TBI. For this cross-sectional study, we included patients of all severities aged over 15, and a Glasgow Outcome Score Extended (GOSE) above 3. Participants were assessed at six months post-injury on the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5), the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Primary analysis was a complete case analysis. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between the PCL-5 and cognition. Of the 1134 participants included in the complete case analysis, 13.5% screened positive for PTSD. Probable PTSD was significantly associated with higher TMT-(B-A) (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14–1.60, p < .001) and lower RAVLT-delayed recall scores (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91, p = .004) after controlling for age, sex, psychiatric history, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale and education. Poorer performance on cognitive tests assessing task switching and, to a lesser extent, delayed verbal recall is associated with probable PTSD in civilians who have suffered TBI.
TL;DR: This large cohort of older individuals provides test-retest reliability and MDC values for four widely employed tests of cognitive function that can aid interpretation of cognitive scores and decline instead of relying on cross-sectional normative data alone.
Abstract: BACKGROUND
Cognitive test-retest reliability measures can be used to evaluate meaningful changes in scores.
OBJECTIVE
This analysis aimed to develop a comprehensive set of test-retest reliability values and minimal detectable change (MDC) values for a cognitive battery for community-dwelling older individuals in Australia and the U.S., for use in clinical practice.
METHODS
Cognitive scores collected at baseline and year 1, in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly clinical trial were used to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for four tests: Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), single-letter Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT-F), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). 16,956 participants aged 70 years and over (65 years and over for U.S. minorities) were included. ICCs were used to calculate MDC values for eight education and ethno-racial subgroups.
RESULTS
All four cognitive tests had moderate (ICC > 0.5) to good (ICC > 0.7) test-retest reliability. ICCs ranged from 0.53 to 0.63 (3MS), 0.68 to 0.77 (SDMT), 0.56 to 0.64 (COWAT-F), 0.57 to 0.69 (HVLT-R total recall), and 0.57 to 0.70 (HVLT-R delayed recall) across the subgroups. MDC values ranged from 6.60 to 9.95 (3MS), 12.42 to 15.61 (SDMT), 6.34 to 8.34 (COWAT-F), 8.13 to 10.85 (HVLT-R total recall), and 4.00 to 5.62 (HVLT-R delayed recall).
CONCLUSION
This large cohort of older individuals provides test-retest reliability and MDC values for four widely employed tests of cognitive function. These results can aid interpretation of cognitive scores and decline instead of relying on cross-sectional normative data alone.
23 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the performance of a group of adult cochlear implant (CI) candidates (CIC) on visual tasks of verbal learning and memory was examined, and the relationship between preoperative verbal learning, memory, and speech recognition outcomes after 6 mo of CI use was also investigated for a subgroup of the CICs.
Abstract: This study examined the performance of a group of adult cochlear implant (CI) candidates (CIC) on visual tasks of verbal learning and memory. Preoperative verbal learning and memory abilities of the CIC group were compared with a group of older normal-hearing (ONH) control participants. Relations between preoperative verbal learning and memory measures and speech recognition outcomes after 6 mo of CI use were also investigated for a subgroup of the CICs.A group of 80 older adult participants completed a visually presented multitrial free recall task. Measures of word recall, repetition learning, and the use of self-generated organizational strategies were collected from a group of 49 CICs, before cochlear implantation, and a group of 31 ONH controls. Speech recognition outcomes were also collected from a subgroup of 32 of the CIC participants who returned for testing 6 mo after CI activation.CICs demonstrated poorer verbal learning performance compared with the group of ONH control participants. Among the preoperative verbal learning and memory measures, repetition learning slope and measures of self-generated organizational clustering strategies were the strongest predictors of post-CI speech recognition outcomes.Older adult CI candidates present with verbal learning and memory deficits compared with older adults without hearing loss, even on visual tasks that are independent from the direct effects of audibility. Preoperative verbal learning and memory processes reflecting repetition learning and self-generated organizational strategies in free recall were associated with speech recognition outcomes 6 months after implantation. The pattern of results suggests that visual measures of verbal learning may be a useful predictor of outcomes in postlingual adult CICs.
TL;DR: In this article , mixed-models regression analyses were conducted to explore developmental trajectories with threefold objectives: verbal learning and retention trajectories were compared between 22q11.2 deletion syndrome vs. HC and participants with lower vs. higher verbal learning performance.
Abstract: The cognitive profile in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is often characterized by a discrepancy between nonverbal vs. verbal reasoning skills, in favor of the latter skills. This dissociation has also been observed in memory, with verbal learning skills described as a relative strength. Yet the development of these skills is still to be investigated. We thus aimed to explore verbal learning longitudinally. Furthermore, we explored verbal learning and its respective associations with hippocampal alterations and psychosis, which remain largely unknown despite their high prevalence in 22q11.2DS.In total, 332 individuals (173 with 22q11.2DS) aged 5-30 years completed a verbal-paired associates task. Mixed-models regression analyses were conducted to explore developmental trajectories with threefold objectives. First, verbal learning and retention trajectories were compared between 22q11.2DS vs. HC. Second, we examined hippocampal volume development in 22q11.2DS participants with lower vs. higher verbal learning performance. Third, we explored verbal learning trajectories in 22q11.2DS participants with vs. without positive psychotic symptoms and with vs. without a psychotic spectrum disorder (PSD).Our findings first reveal lower verbal learning performance in 22q11.2DS, with a developmental plateau emerging from adolescence. Second, participants with lower verbal learning scores displayed a reduced left hippocampal tail volume. Third, participants with PSD showed a deterioration of verbal learning performance, independently of verbal reasoning skills.Our study challenges the current view of preserved verbal learning skills in 22q11.2DS and highlights associations with specific hippocampal alterations. We further identify verbal learning as a novel cognitive marker for psychosis in 22q11.2DS.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used word list learning to determine how anterior temporal lobe resection affects verbal learning in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and found that participants with left-sided MTLE retained fewer words on both the first trial and on each subsequent trial.
TL;DR: Normative data stratified by age, education and sex for the Chinese-speaking community-residents in Shijiazhuang was presented for use in research and clinical settings and adequately differentiated between the cognitive performance of healthy adults and patients with acute ischemic stroke.
TL;DR: The findings support the need for careful consideration of the risks and benefits of various antipsychotics and the importance of accounting for their cognitive effects in longitudinal research and show the effects of illness from antipsychotic drugs on cognition over the first 6-months of FEP treatment.
Abstract: Objective: Cognitive impairment occurs in antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis (FEP), but antipsychotics confound interpretation of the longitudinal course of cognition. The primary aim was to disentangle the effects of illness from antipsychotics on cognition over the first 6-months of FEP treatment. Methods: Randomised, triple-blind placebo-controlled trial (Staged Treatment and Acceptability Guidelines in Early Psychosis; STAGES), where cognition was a secondary outcome. Antipsychotic-naive FEP patients were allocated to receive risperidone/paliperidone (N=38) or placebo (N=40) in addition to intensive psychosocial therapy for 6-months. A healthy control group (N=42) was also recruited. A cognitive battery assessing attention, working memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, cognitive control and verbal paired-associate learning and memory was administered at baseline and 6-months. Twelve- and 24-month follow-up was also conducted. Results: Over the 6-month trial period, cognitive performance remained stable (working memory, verbal fluency) or improved (attention, processing speed, cognitive control), with no group-by-time interaction evident. The exception was for verbal paired-associate learning and memory, where a significant group-by-time interaction was observed. The placebo and healthy control groups improved, and the medication group deteriorated on immediate paired-associate recall (p=0.039) and delayed cued recall (p=0.005); effect sizes were medium-to-large. Findings were similar when only trial completers were included in the analysis. Conclusions: Risperidone/paliperidone may cause progression of memory impairment in the early months of FEP. Replication is needed in confirmatory trials. The findings support the need for careful consideration of the risks and benefits of various antipsychotics and the importance of accounting for their cognitive effects in longitudinal research.
TL;DR: In this article , a confirmatory factor analysis of the German version of the SCIP (SCIP-G) was carried out and the results showed that a good model fit can be achieved with a two-factor solution.
TL;DR: This paper investigated memory function in school-aged children of women enrolled in opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) during pregnancy and found that children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine had significantly lower memory performance, however, this association may be explained by maternal tobacco use during pregnancy.
TL;DR: The normative data obtained in this study will help more precisely interpret the performance of older Spanish adults in the TAVEC, enhancing the utility of this neuropsychological test to evaluate verbal learning and episodic memory in clinical settings and in relation to healthy aging as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish normative data for the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning Test, the Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España-Complutense (TAVEC). Through different subtests, the TAVEC allows verbal learning and episodic memory to be evaluated, an assessment that was carried out on a sample of 382 cognitive healthy Spanish individuals aged 60-90 years old. Unlike the participant's educational level, their age and sex significantly influenced performance in the TAVEC. We provide tables that allow the scaled scores obtained with this test to be adjusted for age and other tables with the relevant adjustments for sex. The normative data obtained in this study will help more precisely interpret the performance of older Spanish adults in the TAVEC, enhancing the utility of this neuropsychological test to evaluate verbal learning and episodic memory in clinical settings and in relation to healthy aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of free triiodothyronine (FT3), the main active ingredient of thyroid hormones (THs), in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was determined.
Abstract: We aim to determine the role of free triiodothyronine (FT3), the main active ingredient of thyroid hormones (THs), in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).A total of 255 T2DM patients without diagnosed thyroid diseases were recruited and divided into MCI group and healthy cognition group. Neuropsychological functions were observed by multidimensional cognitive function scales in including MoCA, Digit Span Test (DST), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Clock drawing test (CDT), Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, Instantaneously Recalled Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT-IR), Delayed Recalled Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT-DR) and Logical Memory Test (LMT). Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association between FT3 and diabetic cognitive dysfunction.Compared with 147 normal cognition patients, 108 MCI patients exhibited lower FT3 and higher HOMA-IR. FT3 level was not only positively correlated with MoCA scores, but DST, VFT and LMT, while negatively associated with TMTB. Furthermore, there is a negative association between FT3 and HOMA-IR. Logistic regression showed that decreased FT3 is a risk factor of MCI in T2DM patients. Although FT3 is not the risk factor of MCI after homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was entered as an independent variable, lower FT3 is associated with VFT and LMT adjusted by age, education, BMI, DM duration, HBP duration, smoking, HbA1c and HOMA-IR.Lower FT3 levels may involve in MCI, especially for executive function and scene memory in T2DM patients without diagnosed thyroid diseases.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper, a deep learning model with convolutional neural network was used to classify spectral topographical images as classification data, and obtained a classification accuracy of 84% using their proposed model.
Abstract: Cognitive abilities are the vital skills that the human brain requires to perform any type of task, from simple to complex. These skills have a huge impact on the day-to-day lives of people. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an efficacious technique to study the brain activity while it executes these different cognitive tasks. With low-cost EEG hardware available these days, measuring accurate EEG data has become an effortless task, thereby leading to new innovations like the brain–computer interfaces. In this study, four cognitive tests: Hopkins verbal learning test, Stroop test, Symbol digit modality test, and Benton’s visual retention test were considered to stimulate the cognitive abilities. After performing the frequency domain analysis on the EEG signals from a predefined dataset, we obtain the spectral topographical images as classification data, and a deep learning model with convolutional neural network was used to classify these images based on the cognitive tasks. We have obtained a classification accuracy of 84% using our proposed model.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated neuronal changes associated with action-based cognitive remediation (ABCR) treatment-related memory improvement in a longitudinal functional MRI (fMRI) study.
Abstract: Verbal memory and executive function impairments are common in remitted patients with bipolar disorder (BD). We recently found that Action-Based Cognitive Remediation (ABCR) may improve executive function and verbal memory in BD. Here, we investigated neuronal changes associated with ABCR treatment-related memory improvement in a longitudinal functional MRI (fMRI) study. Forty-five patients with remitted BD (ABCR: n = 26, control treatment: n = 19) completed a picture-encoding task during fMRI and tests of verbal memory and executive function outside the scanner before and after two weeks of ABCR/control treatment. The cognitive assessment was performed again following ten weeks of treatment. Thirty-four healthy controls underwent the same test protocol once for baseline comparisons. Patients showed a moderate improvement in a domain composite of verbal learning and memory both after two weeks and ten weeks of ABCR treatment, which correlated with improved executive function. At baseline, patients showed encoding-related hypoactivity in dorsal prefrontal cortex compared to healthy controls. However, treatment was not associated with significant task-related neuronal activity changes. Improved verbal learning and memory may have occurred through strengthened strategic processing targeted by ABCR. However, picture-encoding paradigms may be suboptimal to capture the neural correlates of this improvement, possibly by failing to engage strategic encoding processes.