Showing papers on "Wastewater published in 2012"
TL;DR: This analysis shows that the highest amounts discharged through secondary effluent pertain to one antihypertensive, and several beta-blockers and analgesics/anti-inflammatories, while the highest risk is posed by antibiotics and several psychiatric drugs and analgesic/ anti- inflammatories.
1,721 citations
TL;DR: Some novel pre-hydrolysed coagulants such as Polyaluminium chloride (PACl), Polyal aluminium ferric chloride (PAFCl), Polyferrous sulphate (PFS) and Polyferic chloride (PFCl) have been found to be more effective and suggested for decolourisation of the textile wastewater.
1,501 citations
TL;DR: Microalgae cultures offer an elegant solution to tertiary and quandary treatments due to the ability of microalgae to use inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth, therefore, it does not lead to secondary pollution.
1,109 citations
TL;DR: The conversion of waste products into effective adsorbents and their application for water treatment and the possible mechanism of adsorption on these adsorbent has been included in this article.
1,080 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the fundamentals and recent developments in electro-fenton process and evaluated the effects of various operating parameters and their optimum ranges for maximum pollutant removal and mineralization.
804 citations
TL;DR: This review summarises the methodologies used to evaluate the toxicity of azo dyes and their degradation products and discusses the recent studies on the decolouration or degradation using algae, yeast, filamentous fungi and bacteria, genetically modified microorganisms and microbiological systems combined with Advanced Oxidation Processes and Microbial Fuel Cells.
672 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a co-processing of sewage sludge with biomass improves the fuel's characteristics and enhances the processes efficiency, while diluting the inorganic and toxic compounds, which is a sustainable solution to algae production using wastewater resources and then to be used for bio-energy production.
Abstract: Wastewater treatment leads to an increase in sewage sludge production. Sewage sludge consists, in general, of non-toxic organic matter and therefore can be utilized as a biomass resource for energy production. Energy recovery from sewage sludge via thermochemical valorization processes seems of great potential. Processes’ products can be used as bio-fuels, while minimization of the environmental impacts can be also achieved. In particular, wet sewage sludge pyrolysis-partial gasification at high temperatures and especially gasification give a new perspective for hydrogen-rich fuel gas production. Co-processing of sewage sludge with biomass improves the fuel's characteristics and enhances the processes efficiency. In addition, blends of sewage sludge with biomass contribute in diluting the inorganic and toxic compounds. Towards that direction, algae production using wastewater resources and then to be used for biofuels production seems a sustainable solution that is the reason why exploitation of such a material through thermochemical processes is under intensive discussion.
445 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems, and performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia (NH3), and total suspended solids (TSS) removal.
Abstract: Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia (NH3) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L−1 for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L−1 for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L−1 for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two-year average BOD5 effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L−1, and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L−1. The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents.
428 citations
TL;DR: A Biorefinery design is presented that integrates the treatment of municipal wastewater with the recovery of oleaginous microalgae with potential for biodiesel production, together with the use of seawater supplemented with anaerobically digested piggery waste for cultivating Arthrospira and producing biogas, biodiesel, hydrogen and other high added value products.
415 citations
TL;DR: The highlight of this paper is to point out the possibility of the micropollutants degradation in spite of the presence of DOM in much higher concentrations.
411 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of electrochemical and bio-electrochemical technologies for the removal of protein rich wastes from aquaculture ponds and hatcheries is presented, which can remove contaminants at high efficiencies (≈99%) whilst giving least impact upon the environment.
TL;DR: Results of this study provided insights into the bacterial community structure and diversity in geographically distributed WWTPs and discerned the relationships between bacterial community and environmental variables inWWTPs.
Abstract: To determine if there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and to investigate the effects of wastewater characteristics, operational parameters, and geographic locations on microbial communities, activated sludge samples were collected from 14 wastewater treatment systems located in 4 cities in China. High-throughput pyrosequencing was used to examine the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria in the wastewater treatment systems. Our results showed that there were 60 genera of bacterial populations commonly shared by all 14 samples, including Ferruginibacter, Prosthecobacter, Zoogloea, Subdivision 3 genera incertae sedis, Gp4, Gp6, etc., indicating that there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of WWTPs at different geographic locations. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results showed that the bacterial community variance correlated most strongly with water temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) content. Variance partitioning analyses suggested that wastewater characteristics had the greatest contribution to the bacterial community variance, explaining 25.7% of the variance of bacterial communities independently, followed by operational parameters (23.9%) and geographic location (14.7%). Results of this study provided insights into the bacterial community structure and diversity in geographically distributed WWTPs and discerned the relationships between bacterial community and environmental variables in WWTPs.
TL;DR: A survey on the presence of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater of a Spanish Mediterranean area (Castellon province) indicated that elimination of most of the selected compounds occurred during the treatment process of influent wastewater, although it was incomplete.
TL;DR: This study covered a series of emerging pollutants of different classes, including pharmaceuticals, neutral and acidic organophosphorus flame retardant/plasticizers (OPs), triclosan, phenoxy-herbicides, insect repellents and UV filters, which were carried out on wastewater, surface and drinking water on the NW area of Spain during the four seasons of a year period.
TL;DR: The occurrence of sixteen pharmaceutically active compounds in influent and effluent wastewater and in primary, secondary and digested sludge in one-year period has been evaluated and the highest ecotoxicological risk is due to ibuprofen.
TL;DR: A novel rotating algal biofilm reactor (RABR) was designed, built, and tested to operate in the photoautotrophic conditions of open tertiary wastewater treatment, producing mixed culture biofilms made up of algae and bacteria.
Abstract: Maximizing algae production in a wastewater treatment process can aid in the reduction of soluble nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the wastewater. If harvested, the algae-based biomass offers the added benefit as feedstock for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. However, difficulties in harvesting, concentrating, and dewatering the algae-based biomass have limited the development of an economically feasible treatment and production process. When algae-based biomass is grown as a surface attached biofilm as opposed to a suspended culture, the biomass is naturally concentrated and more easily harvested. This can lead to less expensive removal of the biomass from wastewater, and less expensive downstream processing in the production of biofuels and bioproducts. In this study, a novel rotating algal biofilm reactor (RABR) was designed, built, and tested at bench (8 L), medium (535 L), and pilot (8,000 L) scales. The RABR was designed to operate in the photoautotrophic conditions of open tertiary wastewater treatment, producing mixed culture biofilms made up of algae and bacteria. Growth substrata were evaluated for attachment and biofilm formation, and an effective substratum was discovered. The RABR achieved effective nutrient reduction, with average removal rates of 2.1 and 14.1 g m(-2) day(-1) for total dissolved phosphorus and total dissolved nitrogen, respectively. Biomass production ranged from 5.5 g m(-2) day(-1) at bench scale to as high as 31 g m(-2) day(-1) at pilot scale. An efficient spool harvesting technique was also developed at bench and medium scales to obtain a concentrated product (12-16% solids) suitable for further processing in the production of biofuels and bioproducts.
TL;DR: In this article, the construction and operation of a 5-ha high-rate algal ponds (HRAP) system treating primary settled wastewater at the Christchurch wastewater treatment plant, New Zealand is discussed.
Abstract: High rate algal ponds (HRAPs) are shallow, paddlewheel-mixed open raceway ponds that are an efficient and cost-effective upgrade for the conventional wastewater treatment ponds used by communities and farms the world over. HRAPs provide improved natural disinfection and nutrient removal and can be further enhanced by carbon dioxide (CO2) addition to promote algal growth which is often carbon limited. This paper discusses the construction and operation of a 5-ha demonstration HRAP system treating primary settled wastewater at the Christchurch wastewater treatment plant, New Zealand. The system consisted of four 1.25-ha HRAPs that were constructed from an existing conventional pond. Algae were harvested from the HRAP effluent in specially designed settlers, which concentrated the algal/bacterial biomass to 1–2% organic solids for conversion to bio-crude oil following dewatering. Performance data from the first 15 months of HRAP operation (without CO2 addition) are presented. The four demonstration HRAPs had reasonable replication of both treatment performance and algal/bacterial productivity with similar annual average wastewater treatment efficiency (~50% removal of BOD5, ~87% removal of fBOD5, ~65% removal of ammoniacal-N, ~19% removal of dissolved reactive phosphorus and ~2 log removal of Escherichia coli), algal species composition and algal/bacterial biomass production (~8 g m−2 day −1 volatile suspended solids). These results were in good agreement with the results for pilot-scale HRAP without CO2 addition in New Zealand. This study provides further indication of the potential for energy efficient and effective wastewater treatment using HRAP, while biofuel conversion of the harvested algal bacterial biomass could provide a valuable niche distributed energy source for local communities.
TL;DR: A review of the literature on biogas production, inhibition, and optimal reactor configurations can be found in this article, which highlights future research needed to improve the gas production and overall efficiency of anaerobic co-digestion of FOG with biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment.
TL;DR: It is concluded that while EBPR technology is mature, the subsequent phosphorus release and recovery technologies need additional development.
TL;DR: This paper provides a critical review on the current technology available for decolorization and degradation of textile wastewater and also suggests effective and economically attractive alternatives.
Abstract: The release of colored wastewater represents a serious environmental problem and public health concern. Color removal from textile wastewater has become a big challenge over the last decades, and up to now, there is no single and economically attractive treatment method that can effectively decolorize the wastewater. Effluents from textile manufacturing, dyeing, and finishing processes contain high concentrations of biologically difficult-to-degrade or even inert auxiliaries, chemicals like acids, waxes, fats, salts, binders, thickeners, urea, surfactants, reducing agents, etc. The various chemicals such as biocides and stain repellents used for brightening, sequestering, anticreasing, sizing, softening, and wetting of the yarn or fabric are also present in wastewater. Therefore, the textile wastewater needs environmental friendly, effective treatment process. This paper provides a critical review on the current technology available for decolorization and degradation of textile wastewater and also suggests effective and economically attractive alternatives.
Abstract: CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a promising technology wherein CO2 is captured and stored in solid form for further utilization instead of being released into the atmosphere in high concentrations. Under this framework, a new process called accelerated carbonation has been widely researched and developed. In this process, alkaline materials are reacted with high-purity CO2 in the presence of moisture to accelerate the reaction to a timescale of a few minutes or hours. The feedstock for accelerated carbonation includes natural silicate-minerals (e.g., wollastonite, serpentine, and olivine) and industrial residues (e.g., steelmaking slag, municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash, and air pollution control (APC) residues). This research article focuses on carbonation technologies that use industrial alkaline wastes, such as steelmaking slags and metalworking wastewater. The carbonation of alkaline solid waste has been shown to be an effective way to capture CO2 and to eliminate the contents of Ca(OH)2 in solid residues, thus improving the durability of concrete blended with the carbonated residues. However, the operating conditions must be further studied for both the economic viability of the technology and the optimal conditions for CO2 reaction.
TL;DR: In this article, the performance assessment of constructed wetlands-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) for electricity production and wastewater treatment has been conducted in batch mode using different dye (methylene blue dye) concentration containing synthetic wastewater.
TL;DR: This review article summarises major categories of organic microcontaminants that have been detected in wastewaters and studies their fate during the wastewater treatment process.
TL;DR: Although the concentrations of ACE and SUC are among the highest measured for anthropogenic trace pollutants found in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water, the levels are at least three orders of magnitude lower than organoleptic threshold values, which suggests their use as virtually perfect markers for the study of the impact of wastewater on source waters and drinking waters is suggested.
Abstract: An overview is given of existing trace analytical methods for the determination of seven popular artificial sweeteners [acesulfame (ACE), aspartame, cyclamate (CYC), neotame, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, saccharin (SAC), and sucralose (SUC)] from aqueous environmental samples. Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry are the methods most widely applied, either directly or after solid-phase extraction. Limits of detection and limits of quantification down to the low nanogram per liter range can be achieved. ACE, CYC, SAC, and SUC were detected in wastewater treatment plants in high microgram per liter concentrations. Per capita loads of individual sweeteners can vary within a wide range depending on their use in different countries. Whereas CYC and SAC are usually degraded by more than 90 % during wastewater treatment, ACE and SUC pass through wastewater treatment plants mainly unchanged. This suggests their use as virtually perfect markers for the study of the impact of wastewater on source waters and drinking waters. In finished water of drinking water treatment plants using surface-water-influenced source water, ACE and SUC were detected in concentrations up to 7 and 2.4 μg/L, respectively. ACE was identified as a precursor of oxidation byproducts during ozonation, resulting in an aldehyde intermediate and acetic acid. Although the concentrations of ACE and SUC are among the highest measured for anthropogenic trace pollutants found in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water, the levels are at least three orders of magnitude lower than organoleptic threshold values. However, ecotoxicology studies are scarce and have focused on SUC. Thus, further research is needed both on identification of transformation products and on the ecotoxicological impact of artificial sweeteners and their transformation products.
TL;DR: In this paper, an advanced Fenton-chemical precipitation process (AF-CPP) was proposed to address chelated heavy metal containing wastewater, which uses zero-valent iron and hydrogen peroxide for degrading the chelated compound, followed by alkali precipitation of heavy metal.
TL;DR: Based on the mass balance analysis, biotransformation is believed to be the predominant process responsible for the removal of pharmaceuticals, whereas contribution of sorption to sludge was relatively insignificant for the investigated pharmaceuticals.
TL;DR: In this paper, three kinds of nanomaterials, including nanocarbon materials, nanometal particles, and polymer-supported nanoparticles, are presented for heavy metal ion removal.
Abstract: Wastewater containing heavy metal ions is considered as the serious environmental problem in human society. Adsorption as the widely used method plays an important role in wastewater treatment, which is based on the physical interaction between metal ions and sorbents. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are used as the sorbents in wastewater treatment; several researches have proved that nanomaterials are the effective sorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater due to their unique structure properties. Three kinds of nanomaterials are presented in this paper, including nanocarbon materials, nanometal particles, and polymer-supported nanoparticles.For heavy metal ions, all these nanomaterials show high selectivities and adsorption capacities. Besides, the adsorption isotherm model and adsorption kinetics are introduced briefly to understand the adsorption procedure.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the feasibility of bio-hydrogen production from unexplored wastewaters and development of integrated bioenergy process, and showed that vinasse wastewater has the highest positive net energy gain followed by glycerin wastewater and domestic sewage.
TL;DR: In this article, a robust analytical method is presented in which 11 classes of antibiotics are simultaneously extracted and determined in surface water, lagoon wastewater, influent, effluent, sediment, manure and sludge.