Showing papers by "Aoyama Gakuin University published in 2002"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed New JIT, a new management technology principle for manufacturing in the 21st century, which contains hardware and software systems as next-generation technical principles for transforming management technology into the management strategy.
114 citations
TL;DR: Seven carotenoid metabolites including five loliolide derivatives have been isolated from the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida, including three new compounds, which were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses and literature data.
Abstract: Seven carotenoid metabolites including five loliolide derivatives have been isolated from the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida, including three new compounds. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses and literature data.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the explanatory adequacy of the model of input processing that VanPatten has proposed and that underpins his pedagogic proposals is questioned. But they also argue that further specification of cognitive resources, processing mechanisms, and conditions of learning operationalized in putative replications are essential if research into input processing instruction is to be explanatory, and cumulative.
Abstract: In this article we respond to VanPatten's update of the findings for processing instruction. We begin by questioning the explanatory adequacy of the model of input processing that VanPatten has proposed and that underpins his pedagogic proposals. We question both the validity of the limited–capacity, single–resource model of attention he proposes for second language classroom learning, and also the details of the mechanisms he argues are implicated in second language processing. We then arguefor alternative explanations of the effects found for input processing instruction and against VanPatten's claim that the studies he reviews are true replications of earlier findings.Throughout we argue that further specification of cognitive resources, processing mechanisms,and conditions of learning operationalized in putative replications areessential if research into input processing instruction is to be explanatory, and cumulative, as VanPatten claims it is.
107 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed three-dimensional simulation of hydrogen/air detonations in a rectangular tube has been performed using a detailed chemical kinetics model to reveal its structure, and the simulations clearly show detailed threedimensional detonation modes, namely a rectangular mode and a diagonal mode.
Abstract: Unsteady three-dimensional simulations of hydrogen/air detonations in a rectangular tube have been performed using a detailed chemical kinetics model to reveal its structure. The simulations clearly show detailed three-dimensional detonation modes, namely a rectangular mode and a diagonal mode. The rectangular modes that were obtained are of two types: in phase and partially out of phase. These rectangular modes consist of two two-dimensional waves, and the cell length for these modes is approximately the same as in two-dimensional simulations. The diagonal mode is shown to result from three-dimensional diagonal motion of the triple-point lines. The cell length of the diagonal mode is about three-quarters of those obtained in the two-dimensional and other three-dimensional simulations. The detonation front for both rectangular and diagonal modes adopts a complicated three-dimensional time-dependent pattern, and the results agree well with experimental observations reported by many researchers. Furthermore, formation of unreacted pockets behind the detonation is observed in the results for rectangular mode in phase. The computational results clearly capture the resulting complicated shape patterns.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used dc planar magnetron sputtering with a GZO ceramic target for the deposition of gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) films.
99 citations
University of Chicago1, Adler Planetarium2, Max Planck Society3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4, University of Leeds5, Aoyama Gakuin University6, University of Utah7, Louisiana State University8, Pennsylvania State University9, University of Delaware10, Princeton University11, Texas Tech University12
TL;DR: A small workshop to review some modern experimental measurements of this region was held at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, USA in June 2000 as discussed by the authors, and the results presented at this workshop and the discussion of their interpretation in the context of hadronic models of atmospheric air showers were discussed.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between real exchange rates and real interest differentials and found that the empirical difficulty is due to a failure to recognize nonlinearity in real exchange rate adjustment.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the effect of altitude on the performance of the plug-nozzle flowfields by numerical simulations and found that the altitude clearly influences the base-pressure distributions under the assumption that the chamber pressure is constant during the ascent.
Abstract: Plug-nozzle flowfields are analyzed by the numerical simulations The method of characteristics is used to design the plug contour, and several types of plug nozzles are considered by truncating the length of the nozzle at different positions Plug-nozzles' altitude-compensating features are confirmed by the computed results, and the base pressure turns out to play an important role to maintain the thrust performance of the nozzle for high-truncation configurations The altitude clearly influences the base-pressure distributions under the assumption that the chamber pressure is constant during the ascent The computed thrust difference between the contoured and the conical nozzle linearly increased as a function of the pressure ratio The thrust performance of the contoured plug nozzle is estimated to be about 5-6% higher than the conical plug nozzle Various conditions of external flows over the plug nozzle are also imposed, and the result shows that the external flow does not influence the pressure distribution on the nozzle surface for the pressure ratios higher than the designed point
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that there are triangular arbitrage opportunities in the spot foreign exchange markets, analyzing the time dependence of the yen-dollar rate, the dollar-euro rate, and the yen -euro rate.
Abstract: We first show that there are in fact triangular arbitrage opportunities in the spot foreign exchange markets, analyzing the time dependence of the yen–dollar rate, the dollar–euro rate and the yen–euro rate. Next, we propose a model of foreign exchange rates with an interaction. The model includes effects of triangular arbitrage transactions as an interaction among three rates. The model explains the actual data of the multiple foreign exchange rates well.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, temperature dependent fluorescence, excitation and absorption spectra of two spin crossover Fe(II) complexes with 2,6-bis(benzimidazole-2 ′ -yl) pyridine, Febz-H 2 (containing 2(ClO 4 − ) as counter ions) and Febz H (uncharged), have been observed.
45 citations
TL;DR: The optical conductivity of MgB2 has been determined on a dense polycrystalline sample in the spectral range 6-meV-4.6-eV using a combination of ellipsometric and normal incidence reflectivity measurements as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors revealed that the dwarf nova 1RXS J232953.9+062814 is an SU UMa-type system with a superhump period of 66.774± 0.010 min.
Abstract: We revealed that the dwarf nova 1RXS J232953.9+062814 is an SU UMa-type system with a superhump period of 66.774± 0.010 min. The short period strongly indicates that the orbital period of this object is below the period minimum of cataclysmic variables. The superhump period is 4.04±0.02% longer than the photometric period during quiescence (64.184± 0.003 min), which is probably associated with the orbital period. Although the standard evolutionary scenario of cataclysmic variables predicts lower mass-transfer rates in systems with shorter orbital periods, we revealed firm evidence of a relatively high mass-transfer rate from its large proper motion and bright apparent magnitude. Its proximity indicates that we have overlooked a number of objects in this new class. With the analogous system of V485 Cen, these objects establish the first subpopulation in hydrogen-rich cataclysmic variables below the period minimum.
TL;DR: The grain boundaries (GB's) in the intermetallic superconductor MgB 2, interestingly, do not show suppression of supercurrent density at atomic resolution as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The grain boundaries (GB's) in the intermetallic superconductor MgB 2 , interestingly, do not show suppression of supercurrent density. This unexpected behavior has been investigated by a scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy technique at atomic resolution. The GB in MgB 2 is seen as an amorphous region extending from ∼50 to 200 A and has a metallic character. This observation supports proximity coupling between the grains, which explains why supercurrent density does not degrade in this material. The results for another intermetallic superconductor YNi 2 B 2 C having GB's (average width ∼30 A) that are quasi-insulating in nature have also been presented and compared with the former.
TL;DR: The magnetic field distribution in the vortex state of the muon spin rotation has been probed by the London model with nonlocal corrections as discussed by the authors, which shows that the vortex lattice has changed from hexagonal to square with increasing magnetic field H at low fields the vortex core radius decreases with increasing H much steeper than what is expected from the Sommerfeld constant.
Abstract: The magnetic field distribution in the vortex state of ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ has been probed by muon spin rotation The analysis based on the London model with nonlocal corrections shows that the vortex lattice has changed from hexagonal to square with increasing magnetic field H At low fields the vortex core radius, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{v}(H),$ decreases with increasing H much steeper than what is expected from the $\sqrt{H}$ behavior of the Sommerfeld constant $\ensuremath{\gamma}(H),$ strongly suggesting that the anomaly in $\ensuremath{\gamma}(H)$ primarily arises from the quasiparticle excitations outside the vortex cores
TL;DR: In this article, chemical bath deposition (CBD)-ZnS/CIGS heterostructures have been fabricated for polycrystalline thin-film CIGS solar cells.
Abstract: Chemically deposited ZnS has been investigated as a buffer layer alternative to cadmium sulfide (CdS) in polycrystalline thin-film Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Cells with efficiency of up to 18.1% based on chemical bath deposition (CBD)-ZnS/CIGS heterostructures have been fabricated. This paper presents the performance and loss analyses of these cells based on the current–voltage (J–V) and spectral response curves, as well as comparisons with high efficiency CBD-CdS/CIGS and crystalline silicon counterparts. The CBD-ZnS/CIGS devices have effectively reached the efficiency of the current record CBD-CdS/CIGS cell. The effects of the superior current of the CBD-ZnS/CIGS cell and the superior junction quality of the CBD-CdS/CIGS cell on overall performance nearly cancel each other.
TL;DR: Intestinal alkaline phosphatase-positive intestinal type cells were observed heterogeneously in some hyperplasias, adenomas and adenocarcinomas consisting of gastric type cells, suggesting a direct histogenetic role for the PAPG, a useful preneoplastic marker lesion in mouse strains.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the results of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time, T 1 of 11 B in MgB 2, Al-doped Mg b 2 and Nb b 2, indicating the absence of strong magnetic correlation.
Abstract: We report the results of nuclear spin–lattice relaxation time, T 1 of 11 B in MgB 2 , Al-doped MgB 2 and NbB 2 . A T 1 T =constant behavior was observed in the normal state, indicating the absence of strong magnetic correlation. In the superconducting (SC) state, 1/ T 1 shows a tiny coherence peak just below T c and decreases exponentially, demonstrating an s-wave superconductivity. The magnitude of SC gap is estimated as 2 Δ / k B T c ∼5, which is quite larger than the weak-coupling value in the BCS theory, 2 Δ / k B T c =3.5. This rules out a possibility for the multiple SC gaps that was suggested in many literatures. The anisotropy in the upper critical field was also corroborated by the T 1 measurement on a bulk polycrystalline sample. In NbB 2 with a low value of T c =5 K, the T 1 measurement revealed the distinct coherence peak just below T c , followed by an exponential decrease with a magnitude of SC gap 2 Δ / k B T c =3.1. These data are consistent with the weak-coupling BCS theory. As Al 3+ is substituted for Mg 2+ , 1/ T 1 T , which is proportional to the square of the density of states at the Fermi level N ( E F ), decreases. The variation in T c against the relative changes in N ( E F ) deduced from 1/ T 1 T is well fitted in terms of the McMillan equation by assuming a characteristic phonon frequency ω ∼ 700 K and an electron–phonon coupling constant λ ∼ 0.87. Thus obtained values are in good agreement with the values suggested by the theoretical works. The high- T c superconductivity in MgB 2 is shown to occur through the strong coupling with high frequency phonons.
TL;DR: In this article, the ground-state phase diagrams of the one-dimensional Hubbard model with doubly degenerate atomic orbitals were obtained by means of the density-matrix renormalization-group method.
Abstract: We studied ferromagnetism in the one-dimensional Hubbard model with doubly degenerate atomic orbitals by means of the density-matrix renormalization-group method and obtained the ground-state phase diagrams. It was found that ferromagnetism is stable from low to high $(0lnl1.75)$ electron density when the interactions are sufficiently strong. The quasi-long-range order of triplet superconductivity coexists with the ferromagnetic order for a strong Hund coupling region, where the interorbital interaction ${U}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}J$ is attractive. At quarter-filling $(n=1),$ the insulating ferromagnetic state appears, accompanying orbital quasi-long-range order. For low densities $(nl1),$ ferromagnetism occurs owing to the ferromagnetic exchange interaction caused by virtual hoppings of electrons, the same as in the quarter-filled system. This comes from separation of the charge and spin-orbital degrees of freedom in the strong-coupling limit. This ferromagnetism is fragile against variation of band structure. For high densities $(ng1),$ the phase diagram of the ferromagnetic phase is similar to that obtained in infinite dimensions. In this case, the double exchange mechanism is operative for stabilizing the ferromagnetic order and this long-range order is robust against variation of the band dispersion. A partially polarized state appears in the density region $1.68\ensuremath{\lesssim}n\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.75$ and phase separation occurs for n just below the half-filling $(n=2).$
TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of superhumps in an ultrashort period dwarf nova, 1RXS J232953.9+062814, during the superoutburst in 2001 November was reported.
Abstract: We report on the evolution of superhumps and late superhumps in an ultrashort period dwarf nova, 1RXS J232953.9+062814, during the superoutburst in 2001 November. Ordinary superhumps were observed throughout a plateau phase, a rapid fading phase, and a rebrightening phase. During the plateau phase, the superhump period increased with time at a large rate of Pdot =1 .19 ±0.24 ×10 −4 . In conjunction with the rebrightening phenomenon, these characteristics indicate that an accretion disk expanded further outward from the 3 : 1 resonance radius, which caused a large amount of left over matter at the outer disk, even after the superoutburst. In the post-outburst phase, we detected late superhumps superimposed on dominant double-peak modulations. Late superhumps were observed at least for 10d without a significant period change. We detected the first normal outburst of this object on 2001 December 26. The interval between the superoutburst and this normal one is 53d. This short recurrence time supports a high mass-transfer rate in this system. Concerning the evolutionary status of 1RXS J232953.9+062814, we propose that it is a progenitor of AM CVn stars on the evolutionary course of the cataclysmic variable channel in
TL;DR: The electrodynamic response of the spin-ladder compound has been studied from radio frequencies up to the infrared at temperatures below 250 K and a pronounced absorption peak appears around $12{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in this paper, where a charge-density wave which develops in the ladders and produces a phason mode pinned at $12{cm}−1}1$ with increasing x the mode shifts up in frequency and eventually disappears for $x=9$ because the dimensionality of the system crosses over from
Abstract: The electrodynamic response of the spin-ladder compound ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{14\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{24}{\mathrm{O}}_{41}(x=0,3,9)$ has been studied from radio frequencies up to the infrared At temperatures below 250 K a pronounced absorption peak appears around $12{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{14}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{24}{\mathrm{O}}_{41}$ for the radiation polarized along the chains/ladders $(\mathbf{E}\ensuremath{\Vert}\mathbf{c})$ In addition a strongly temperature-dependent dielectric relaxation is observed in the kHz -- MHz range We explain this behavior by a charge-density wave which develops in the ladders and produces a phason mode pinned at $12{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ With increasing x the mode shifts up in frequency and eventually disappears for $x=9$ because the dimensionality of the system crosses over from one to two dimensions, giving way to the superconducting ground state under pressure
TL;DR: In this article, a microscopic coexistence between weak ferromagnetism (WFM) and superconductivity (SC) was confirmed by neutron diffraction technique, and the detailed WFM structure and its ordering process was reported.
Abstract: ${\mathrm{ErNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ is the first material in which a microscopic coexistence between weak ferromagnetism (WFM) and superconductivity (SC) was confirmed by neutron diffraction technique. In the present paper, we report the detailed WFM structure and its ordering process. In the WFM phase, weak but clear peaks appear at $(n/2000)$ with $n=\mathrm{even}.$ The detailed analysis revealed that one from 20 Er magnetic moments contributes to the WFM ordering and such spins form ferromagnetic sheets that appear with a periodicity of $10a(\ensuremath{\sim}35\mathrm{\AA{}}).$
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic properties of a single crystal of the Ce 0.7 La 0.3 B 6 single crystal have been studied by muon spin relaxation (µSR) and it was inferred from the muon Knight shift under a transverse field that the direction of the effective internal magnetic field probed by muons exhibits a marked change between phase III and IV.
Abstract: The magnetic properties of Ce 0.7 La 0.3 B 6 single crystal have been studied by muon spin relaxation (µSR). The absence of a clear muon spin precession under zero external field in phase IV indicates that no commensurate long-range magnetic order is present in this phase. Moreover, the time spectra under a longitudinal field strongly suggests that there are two sources of local fields exerting coherently on muons in phase IV. It was inferred from the muon Knight shift under a transverse field that the direction of the effective internal magnetic field probed by muon exhibits a marked change between phase III and IV.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of x-ray emission spectra of graphite, including graphite and graphite carbon, in the binding energy scale supports the idea of charge transfer, which creates holes at the top of the bonding $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ bands and drives the high-${T} c}$ superconductivity in graphite.
Abstract: Measurements of x-ray emission and absorption spectra of the constituents of ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ are presented. The results obtained are in good agreement with calculated x-ray spectra, with dipole matrix elements taken into account. The comparison of x-ray emission spectra of graphite, ${\mathrm{AlB}}_{2},$ and ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ in the binding energy scale supports the idea of charge transfer from $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ to $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands, which creates holes at the top of the bonding $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ bands and drives the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductivity in ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}.$
TL;DR: The results of the three studies suggest that children flexibly recruit clues from multiple sources, but the clues are weighed in hierarchical order so that they can determine the single most plausible solution in a given situation when different clues suggest different solutions.
Abstract: This research investigated how children interpret the meaning of a new word associated with a familiar artifact. The existing literature has shown that syntactic form-class information plays an important role in making this kind of inference. However, this information is not available to Japanese children, because Japanese language does not have a grammatical distinction between count nouns and mass nouns, proper nouns and common nouns, or singular and plural. In Study 1, 12 three-year-old monolingual Japanese children were tested to examine whether they interpreted a new noun associated with a familiar artifact to be a material name or a new label for the object. They interpreted the new word as a new category label for the object, rather than as a name for the material. How children related the new category to the old familiar one was then examined in Studies 2 and 3. The results of Study 2, in which 24 three-year-olds participated, showed that children could flexibly shift between two interpretations using shape information. When the named object had a typical shape for the familiar category, they mapped the new word to a subordinate category. In contrast, when the shape of the named object was atypical, they mapped the new word to a new category that was mutually exclusive to the familiar category by excluding the named object from the familiar category. In Study 3, 12 three-year-olds were tested to examine relative importance of shape and functional information in this inference process. The results of the three studies suggest that children flexibly recruit clues from multiple sources, but the clues are weighed in hierarchical order so that they can determine the single most plausible solution in a given situation when different clues suggest different solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model calculation for the carrier (hole) state in the magnetic field was performed by using the dynamical coherent potential approximation, which revealed that carriers are nearly bound to magnetic impurity sites and that the carrier spin strongly couples to the localized d spins on Mn ions.
Abstract: Taking into account both random impurity distribution and thermal fluctuations of localized spins, we have performed a model calculation for the carrier (hole) state in ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ by using the dynamical coherent potential approximation. The result reveals that carriers are nearly bound to magnetic impurity sites and that the carrier spin strongly couples to the localized d spins on Mn ions. The hopping of carriers among Mn sites causes the ferromagnetic ordering of the localized spins through the double-exchange mechanism. The Curie temperature obtained by using conventional parameters agrees well with the experimental result for ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}.$
TL;DR: The efficiency and the effectiveness of the pooling method, the exhaustiveness of the relevance assessments, and the reliability of the evaluation using the test collection based on the pooled method are verified.
Abstract: We have conducted a study to: (1) verify the exhaustiveness of pooling for the purpose of constructing a large-scale test collection, and (2) examine whether a difference in the number of pool documents can affect the relative evaluation of IR systems. We carried out the experiments using search topics, their relevance assessments, and the search results that were submitted for both the pre-test and test of the first NTCIR Workshop.
Our results verified the efficiency and the effectiveness of the pooling method, the exhaustiveness of the relevance assessments, and the reliability of the evaluation using the test collection based on the pooling method.
TL;DR: In this article, results of parallel computer simulations on aluminum dust ignition behind a reflected shock wave are presented, showing that it may be very difficult to ignite aluminum particles when the incident shock wave Mach number is smaller than about 3, while for stronger shocks the estimated ignition delay time quickly decreases.
TL;DR: In this article, the design and performance of the hard X-ray detector constructed for the ASTRO-E satellite was summarized, which utilizes the GSO/BGO well-type phoswich counters in a compound-eye configuration to achieve an extremely low background level.
Abstract: This paper summarizes the design and performance of the hard X-ray detector constructed for the ASTRO-E satellite. The detector utilizes the GSO/BGO well-type phoswich counters in a compound-eye configuration to achieve an extremely low background level of a few /spl times/ 10/sup -5/ counts s/sup -1/ cm/sup -2/ keV/sup -1/. The GSO scintillators installed in the BGO active shield wells are sensitive to 30-600 keV photons, while the 2-mm-thick silicon PIN diodes, placed in front of each GSO crystal, cover the 10-60 keV energy band with a spectral resolution of /spl sim/3.5-keV full-width at half-maximum. The design goals, of both low background and high energy resolution, in the hard X-ray bands were verified through the preflight calibration experiments.
TL;DR: In this paper, an additive having both an amino group (-NH2) and a silanol group (-SiOH) was found essential to form a suspension with high IPF without adhesion of ice to the cooling wall.
Abstract: Ice storage is one technique for effective use of thermal energy. So, many studies on slush ice as a thermal storage material have been done. We have also been studying a suspension (slush ice) made from an oil-water mixture by cooling and stirring. From our study results, it was found that an additive having both an amino group (-NH2) and a silanol group (-SiOH) was essential to form a suspension with high IPF without adhesion of ice to the cooling wall. Moreover, ice particles formed in the suspension were dispersed and granular, and did not stick to each other. In the present paper, we carried out experiments to clarify the characteristics of the suspension formation process. From a thermal analysis of the substance formed in the suspension by difference scanning calorimeter (DSC), it was found that the substance was not ice but a compound of ice and additive. Then, at a very small depression of freezing point (about 7°C) all water in the mixture could be frozen by using the additive.
TL;DR: The present results suggest that osteonectin is highly expressed in reactive stroma associated with invasive differentiated adenocarcinomas and that it may serve as a useful clinical diagnostic marker for stomach cancer.