Bell Labs

About: Bell Labs is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Optical fiber. The organization has 36499 authors who have published 59862 publications receiving 3190823 citations. The organization is also known as: Bell Laboratories & AT&T Bell Laboratories.

A vector-perturbation technique for near-capacity multiantenna multiuser communication-part II: perturbation

Abstract: Recent theoretical results describing the sum-capacity when using multiple antennas to communicate with multiple users in a known rich scattering environment have not yet been followed with practical transmission schemes that achieve this capacity. We introduce a simple encoding algorithm that achieves near-capacity at sum-rates of tens of bits/channel use. The algorithm is a variation on channel inversion that regularizes the inverse and uses a "sphere encoder" to perturb the data to reduce the energy of the transmitted signal. The paper is comprised of two parts. In this second part, we show that, after the regularization of the channel inverse introduced in the first part, a certain perturbation of the data using a "sphere encoder" can be chosen to further reduce the energy of the transmitted signal. The performance difference with and without this perturbation is shown to be dramatic. With the perturbation, we achieve excellent performance at all signal-to-noise ratios. The results of both uncoded and turbo-coded simulations are presented.

Superconductivity near 30 K without copper: the Ba 0.6 K 0.4 BiO 3 perovskite

Abstract: It is well known that the breakthrough of Bednorz and Muller1 in discovering superconductivity in (La, Ba)2CuO4 was inspired in part by their knowledge of the superconducting properties of Ba(Pb, Bi)O3 (ref. 2). With a transition temperature, Tc, of ∼12 K, that compound was not generally considered anomalous despite the fact that its Tcis 3–5 times higher than that of traditional superconductors with comparable density of states3–5. The increases in Tc for copper-oxide-based materials continue to generate worldwide excitement, but from both a chemical and theoretical point of view it would also be exciting if high-Tcsuperconductivity were observed in another class of materials. Here we report the results of experiments leading us to the single-phase perovskite Ba0.6K0.4BiO3, which has a magnetically determined onset temperature of 29.8 K—a Tc considerably higher than that of conventional superconductors and surpassed only by copper-containing compounds. Superconductivity in this compound occurs within the framework of a three dimensionally connected bismuth-oxygen array. These results suggest that further research toward exploring the limiting Tcs for bismuth-oxide-based, high-temperature superconductors might be fruitful.

Domain shapes and patterns: the phenomenology of modulated phases.

Abstract: A wide variety of two- and three-dimensional physical-chemical systems display domain patterns in equilibrium. The phenomenology of these patterns, and of the shapes of their constituent domains, is reviewed here from a point of view that interprets these patterns as a manifestation of modulated phases. These phases are stabilized by competing interactions and are characterized by periodic spatial variations of the pertinent order parameter, the corresponding modulation period generally displaying a dependence on temperature and other external fields. This simple picture provides a unifying framework to account for striking and substantial similarities revealed in the prevalent "stripe" and "bubble" morphologies as well as in commonly observed, characteristic domain-shape instabilities. Several areas of particular current interest are discussed.

Theory of Surface States

Abstract: The properties of metal-to-semiconductor junctions and of free semiconductor surfaces are usually explained on the basis of surface states. The theory of the metal contacts is discussed critically, because strictly speaking localized surface states cannot exist in such junctions. However, it is shown that virtual or resonance surface states can exist which behave for practical purposes in the same way. They are really the tails of the metal wave functions rather than separate states. In the past, the length of this tail has often been ignored. Some estimates of its length are made and its consequences pointed out. A semiquantitative discussion is given of various recent data, including the effect of an oxide layer on barrier height, the variation of barrier height with the metal, the work function of a free surface at high doping, and the effect of a cesium layer on the work function.

Direct measurement of quasiparticle-lifetime broadening in a strong-coupled superconductor

Abstract: We have measured the quasiparticle recombination time in the strong-coupled superconductor ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.1}$ directly by measuring the lifetime-broadened energy gap edge. This is done by measuring the $I\ensuremath{-}V$ characteristics of a superconducting tunnel junction of the type ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.1}$-insulator-${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.1}$. Agreement with the calculated value is excellent.