Brunel University London

About: Brunel University London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 10918 authors who have published 29515 publications receiving 893330 citations. The organization is also known as: Brunel & University of Brunel.

How long does biomedical research take? Studying the time taken between biomedical and health research and its translation into products, policy, and practice

Abstract: Background: The time taken, or ‘time lags’, between biomedical/health research and its translation into health improvements is receiving growing attention. Reducing time lags should increase rates of return to such research. However, ways to measure time lags are under-developed, with little attention on where time lags arise within overall timelines. The process marker model has been proposed as a better way forward than the current focus on an increasingly complex series of translation ‘gaps’. Starting from that model, we aimed to develop better methods to measure and understand time lags and develop ways to identify policy options and produce recommendations for future studies. Methods: Following reviews of the literature on time lags and of relevant policy documents, we developed a new approach to conduct case studies of time lags. We built on the process marker model, including developing a matrix with a series of overlapping tracks to allow us to present and measure elements within any overall time lag. We identified a reduced number of key markers or calibration points and tested our new approach in seven case studies of research leading to interventions in cardiovascular disease and mental health. Finally, we analysed the data to address our study’s key aims. Results: The literature review illustrated the lack of agreement on starting points for measuring time lags. We mapped points from policy documents onto our matrix and thus highlighted key areas of concern, for example around delays before new therapies become widely available. Our seven completed case studies demonstrate we have made considerable progress in developing methods to measure and understand time lags. The matrix of overlapping tracks of activity in the research and implementation processes facilitated analysis of time lags along each track, and at the cross-over points where the next track started. We identified some factors that speed up translation through the actions of companies, researchers, funders, policymakers, and regulators. Recommendations for further work are built on progress made, limitations identified and revised terminology.

Suppression of non-prompt J/ψ, prompt J/ψ, and Y(1S) in PbPb collisions at √s NN = 2.76 TeV

Abstract: Yields of prompt and non-prompt J/psi, as well as Y(1S) mesons, are measured by the CMS experiment via their dimuon decays in PbPb and pp collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV for quarkonium rapidity |y|<2.4. Differential cross sections and nuclear modification factors are reported as functions of y and transverse momentum pt, as well as collision centrality. For prompt J/psi with relatively high pt (6.5

A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on Cross Project Defect Prediction

Abstract: Background: Cross project defect prediction (CPDP) recently gained considerable attention, yet there are no systematic efforts to analyse existing empirical evidence. Objective: To synthesise literature to understand the state-of-the-art in CPDP with respect to metrics, models, data approaches, datasets and associated performances. Further, we aim to assess the performance of CPDP versus within project DP models. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review. Results from primary studies are synthesised (thematic, meta-analysis) to answer research questions. Results: We identified 30 primary studies passing quality assessment. Performance measures, except precision, vary with the choice of metrics. Recall, precision, f-measure, and AUC are the most common measures. Models based on Nearest-Neighbour and Decision Tree tend to perform well in CPDP, whereas the popular naive Bayes yields average performance. Performance of ensembles varies greatly across f-measure and AUC. Data approaches address CPDP challenges using row/column processing, which improve CPDP in terms of recall at the cost of precision. This is observed in multiple occasions including the meta-analysis of CPDP versus WPDP. NASA and Jureczko datasets seem to favour CPDP over WPDP more frequently. Conclusion: CPDP is still a challenge and requires more research before trustworthy applications can take place. We provide guidelines for further research.

Search for invisible decays of Higgs bosons in the vector boson fusion and associated ZH production modes

Abstract: A search for invisible decays of Higgs bosons is performed using the vector boson fusion and associated ZH production modes. In the ZH mode, the Z boson is required to decay to a pair of charged leptons or a $b\bar{b}$ quark pair. The searches use the 8 TeV pp collision dataset collected by the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 19.7 inverse femtobarns. Certain channels include data from 7 TeV collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns. The searches are sensitive to non-standard-model invisible decays of the recently observed Higgs boson, as well as additional Higgs bosons with similar production modes and large invisible branching fractions. In all channels, the observed data are consistent with the expected standard model backgrounds. Limits are set on the production cross section times invisible branching fraction, as a function of the Higgs boson mass, for the vector boson fusion and ZH production modes. By combining all channels, and assuming standard model Higgs boson cross sections and acceptances, the observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction at $m_H$=125 GeV is found to be 0.58 (0.44) at 95% confidence level. We interpret this limit in terms of a Higgs-portal model of dark matter interactions.