Showing papers by "Brunel University London published in 2017"
TL;DR: This work was supported in part by the Royal Society of the UK, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany.
2,404 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a state-of-the-art review that presents a holistic view of the BD challenges and BDA methods theorized/proposed/employed by organizations to help others understand this landscape with the objective of making robust investment decisions.
1,267 citations
TL;DR: A fully-fledged particle-flow reconstruction algorithm tuned to the CMS detector was developed and has been consistently used in physics analyses for the first time at a hadron collider as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The CMS apparatus was identified, a few years before the start of the LHC operation at CERN, to feature properties well suited to particle-flow (PF) reconstruction: a highly-segmented tracker, a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter, a hermetic hadron calorimeter, a strong magnetic field, and an excellent muon spectrometer. A fully-fledged PF reconstruction algorithm tuned to the CMS detector was therefore developed and has been consistently used in physics analyses for the first time at a hadron collider. For each collision, the comprehensive list of final-state particles identified and reconstructed by the algorithm provides a global event description that leads to unprecedented CMS performance for jet and hadronic τ decay reconstruction, missing transverse momentum determination, and electron and muon identification. This approach also allows particles from pileup interactions to be identified and enables efficient pileup mitigation methods. The data collected by CMS at a centre-of-mass energy of 8\TeV show excellent agreement with the simulation and confirm the superior PF performance at least up to an average of 20 pileup interactions.
719 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an overarching review of national municipal waste management systems and waste-to-energy as an important part of it in the context of circular economy in selected countries in Europe.
543 citations
U. Bhawandeep1, Vardan Khachatryan, Albert M. Sirunyan, Armen Tumasyan +2289 more•Institutions (147)
TL;DR: In this paper, the trigger system consists of two levels designed to select events of potential physics interest from a GHz (MHz) interaction rate of proton-proton (heavy ion) collisions.
Abstract: This paper describes the CMS trigger system and its performance during Run 1 of the LHC. The trigger system consists of two levels designed to select events of potential physics interest from a GHz (MHz) interaction rate of proton-proton (heavy ion) collisions. The first level of the trigger is implemented in hardware, and selects events containing detector signals consistent with an electron, photon, muon, tau lepton, jet, or missing transverse energy. A programmable menu of up to 128 object-based algorithms is used to select events for subsequent processing. The trigger thresholds are adjusted to the LHC instantaneous luminosity during data taking in order to restrict the output rate to 100 kHz, the upper limit imposed by the CMS readout electronics. The second level, implemented in software, further refines the purity of the output stream, selecting an average rate of 400 Hz for offline event storage. The objectives, strategy and performance of the trigger system during the LHC Run 1 are described.
532 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved jet energy scale corrections, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb^(-1) collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, are presented.
Abstract: Improved jet energy scale corrections, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb^(-1) collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, are presented. The corrections as a function of pseudorapidity η and transverse momentum p_T are extracted from data and simulated events combining several channels and methods. They account successively for the effects of pileup, uniformity of the detector response, and residual data-simulation jet energy scale differences. Further corrections, depending on the jet flavor and distance parameter (jet size) R, are also presented. The jet energy resolution is measured in data and simulated events and is studied as a function of pileup, jet size, and jet flavor. Typical jet energy resolutions at the central rapidities are 15–20% at 30 GeV, about 10% at 100 GeV, and 5% at 1 TeV. The studies exploit events with dijet topology, as well as photon+jet, Z+jet and multijet events. Several new techniques are used to account for the various sources of jet energy scale corrections, and a full set of uncertainties, and their correlations, are provided. The final uncertainties on the jet energy scale are below 3% across the phase space considered by most analyses (p_T > 30 GeV and 0|η| 30 GeV is reached, when excluding the jet flavor uncertainties, which are provided separately for different jet flavors. A new benchmark for jet energy scale determination at hadron colliders is achieved with 0.32% uncertainty for jets with p_T of the order of 165–330 GeV, and |η| < 0.8.
505 citations
University of London1, University of Queensland2, Monash University3, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research4, Queensland University of Technology5, Shanghai Jiao Tong University6, Anhui Medical University7, University of São Paulo8, University of Ottawa9, University of Los Andes10, Fudan University11, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague12, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic13, University of Oulu14, Oulu University Hospital15, Dublin Institute of Technology16, Brunel University London17, Nagasaki University18, University of Tsukuba19, Kyoto University20, Seoul National University21, Spanish National Research Council22, University of Valencia23, Umeå University24, Lund University25, University of Basel26, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute27, National Taiwan University28, Harvard University29, Yale University30, Ho Chi Minh City Medicine and Pharmacy University31, Duy Tan University32, Public Health England33
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that climate change can directly affect human health by varying exposure to non-optimal outdoor temperature, however, evidence on this direct impact at a global scale is limited.
436 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the technological readiness of different elements of BEV technology and highlight those technological areas where important progress is expected, and investigate the economic issues linked with the development of BEVs.
Abstract: As concerns of oil depletion and security of supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, Europe is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are seen as a promising technology, which could lead to the decarbonisation of the Light Duty Vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. However it still has to overcome some significant barriers to gain social acceptance and obtain appreciable market penetration. This review evaluates the technological readiness of the different elements of BEV technology and highlights those technological areas where important progress is expected. Techno-economic issues linked with the development of BEVs are investigated. Current BEVs in the market need to be more competitive than other low carbon vehicles, a requirement which stimulates the necessity for new business models. Finally, the all-important role of politics in this development is, also, discussed. As the benefit of BEVs can help countries meet their environmental targets, governments have included them in their roadmaps and have developed incentives to help them penetrate the market.
432 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and firm performance in the manufacturing sector in Asian emerging economies (AEE) based on empirical evidence is analyzed.
377 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of the address problem is to design an observer-based distributed controller such that the closed-loop multiagent system achieves the prescribed consensus in spite of the lossy sensors and cyber-attacks.
Abstract: In this paper, the observer-based event-triggering consensus control problem is investigated for a class of discrete-time multiagent systems with lossy sensors and cyber-attacks. A novel distributed observer is proposed to estimate the relative full states and the estimated states are then used in the feedback protocol in order to achieve the overall consensus. An event-triggered mechanism with state-independent threshold is adopted to update the control input signals so as to reduce unnecessary data communications. The success ratio of the launched attacks is taken into account to reflect the probabilistic failures of the attacks passing through the protection devices subject to limited resources and network fluctuations. The purpose of the address problem is to design an observer-based distributed controller such that the closed-loop multiagent system achieves the prescribed consensus in spite of the lossy sensors and cyber-attacks. By making use of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix, the closed-loop system is transformed into an easy-to-analyze setting and then a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the desired consensus. Furthermore, the controller gain is obtained in terms of the solution to certain matrix inequality which is independent of the number of agents. An algorithm is provided to optimize the consensus bound. Finally, a simulation example is utilized to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed controller design scheme.
365 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a distributed recursive filtering problem for a class of discrete time-delayed stochastic systems subject to both uniform quantization and deception attack effects on the measurement outputs is considered.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the recent work on membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is presented, which discusses the overall life cycle of MBRs and the market prospects for MBR technology.
TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of the possible applications of flow boiling in microchannels in order to highlight the challenges in the thermal management for each application is presented. But, several fundamental issues are still not understood and this hinders the transition from laboratory research to commercial applications.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the link between pyrolysis conditions, the chemical and mineralogical composition of their products and the benefits of pyroolysis in the waste management sector.
Abstract: The fundamentals of pyrolysis, its latest developments, the different conditions of the process and its residues are of great importance in evaluating the applicability of the pyrolysis process within the waste management sector and in waste treatment. In particular the types of residue and their further use or treatment is of extreme interest as they could become the source of secondary raw materials or be used for energy generation in waste treatments. The main area of focus of this paper is the investigation of the link between the pyrolysis conditions, the chemical and mineralogical composition of their products and the benefits of pyrolysis in the waste management sector. More specifically the paper covers the fast, intermediate and slow pyrolysis of organic waste and mixtures of inorganic and organic waste from households. The influence of catalysts during fast pyrolysis on the product yield and composition is not being considered in this review.
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art applications, materials and performance of current heat pipe devices can be found in this paper, where heat pipe technologies offer many key advantages over conventional practices.
University of Queensland1, Monash University2, University of London3, University of Ottawa4, Health Canada5, University of São Paulo6, Peking University7, Seoul National University8, Nagasaki University9, University of Tsukuba10, National Institutes of Health11, National Taiwan University12, Harvard University13, Yale University14, University of Hong Kong15, Brunel University London16, Dublin Institute of Technology17, Ho Chi Minh City Medicine and Pharmacy University18, Duy Tan University19, Queensland University of Technology20, Shanghai Jiao Tong University21
TL;DR: Results indicate that high temperatures create a substantial health burden, and effects of high temperatures over consecutive days are similar to what would be experienced if high temperature days occurred independently.
Abstract: Background: Few studies have examined variation in the associations between heat waves and mortality in an international context. Objectives: We aimed to systematically examine the impacts of heat ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the relevance of different types of innovation for firms' export performance and show that organizational innovation enhances export performance both directly and indirectly by sustaining technological innovation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of the manufacturing process on the quality of the products produced by the Nottingham Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre and the University of Bedfordshire Business and Management Research Institute.
Vardan Khachatryan1, Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam +2333 more•Institutions (195)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies:======BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ,======And FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS======(Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (
Abstract: we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and
operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies:
BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ,
and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS
(Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador);
MoER, ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland);
CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece);
OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN
(Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia);
BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New
Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna);
MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain);
Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR and
NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC
(United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).
TL;DR: In this paper, the Higgs boson mass was measured in the H → ZZ → 4l (l = e, μ) decay channel and the signal strength modifiers for individual Higgs production modes were also measured.
Abstract: Properties of the Higgs boson are measured in the H → ZZ → 4l (l = e, μ) decay channel. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{−1}$ is used. The signal strength modifier μ, defined as the ratio of the observed Higgs boson rate in the H → ZZ → 4l decay channel to the standard model expectation, is measured to be μ = 1.05$_{− 0.17}^{+ 0.19}$ at m$_{H}$ = 125.09 GeV, the combined ATLAS and CMS measurement of the Higgs boson mass. The signal strength modifiers for the individual Higgs boson production modes are also measured. The cross section in the fiducial phase space defined by the requirements on lepton kinematics and event topology is measured to be 2. 92$_{− 0.44}^{+ 0.48}$ (stat)$_{− 0.24}^{+ 0.28}$ (syst)fb, which is compatible with the standard model prediction of 2.76 ± 0.14 fb. Differential cross sections are reported as a function of the transverse momentum of the Higgs boson, the number of associated jets, and the transverse momentum of the leading associated jet. The Higgs boson mass is measured to be m$_{H}$ = 125.26 ± 0.21 GeV and the width is constrained using the on-shell invariant mass distribution to be Γ$_{H}$ < 1.10 GeV, at 95% confidence level.
Vardan Khachatryan, Albert M. Sirunyan, Armen Tumasyan, Wolfgang Adam1 +2273 more•Institutions (154)
TL;DR: In this article, the second-order and third-order azimuthal anisotropy harmonics of unidentified charged particles, as well as v2v2 of View the MathML sourceKS0 and ViewTheMathML sourceΛ/Λ ǫ particles, are extracted from long-range two-particle correlations as functions of particle multiplicity and transverse momentum.
TL;DR: The empirical results demonstrated that the relationship between SN and BI was particularly sensitive to differences in individual-cultural values, with significant moderating effects observed for all four of the cultural dimensions studied.
Abstract: In this study, we examine the effects of individual-level culture on the adoption and acceptance of e-learning tools by students in Lebanon using a theoretical framework based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). To overcome possible limitations of using TAM in developing countries, we extend TAM to include subjective norms (SN) and quality of work life constructs as additional constructs and a number of cultural variables as moderators. The four cultural dimensions of masculinity/femininity (MF), individualism/collectivism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance were measured at the individual level to enable them to be integrated into the extended TAM as moderators and a research model was developed based on previous literature. To test the hypothesised model, data were collected from 569 undergraduate and postgraduate students using e-learning tools in Lebanon via questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using the structural equation modelling technique in conjunction with multi-g...
TL;DR: In this paper, a new maximum power-point-tracking method for a photovoltaic system based on the Lagrange Interpolation Formula and particle swarm optimization method was proposed.
Abstract: This paper describes a new maximum-power-point-tracking method for a photovoltaic system based on the Lagrange Interpolation Formula and proposes the particle swarm optimization method. The proposed control scheme eliminates the problems of conventional methods by using only a simple numerical calculation to initialize the particles around the global maximum power point. Hence, the suggested control scheme will utilize less iterations to reach the maximum power point. Simulation study is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and compared with the Perturb and Observe method, the Incremental Conductance method, and the conventional Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The proposed algorithm is verified with the OPAL-RT real-time simulator. The simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm can effectively enhance the stability and the fast tracking capability under abnormal insolation conditions.
TL;DR: It is explored whether MinION nanopore sequencing could accelerate diagnosis and resistance profiling, using complicated urinary tract infections as an exemplar, and whether bioinformatic pipeline optimization is needed to better detect resistances conferred by point mutations.
Abstract: Objectives: The introduction of metagenomic sequencing to diagnostic microbiology has been hampered by slowness, cost and complexity. We explored whether MinION nanopore sequencing could accelerate diagnosis and resistance profiling, using complicated urinary tract infections as an exemplar. Methods: Bacterial DNA was enriched from clinical urines (n = 10) and from healthy urines ‘spiked’ with multiresistant Escherichia coli (n = 5), then sequenced by MinION. Sequences were analysed using external databases and bioinformatic pipelines or, ultimately, using integrated real-time analysis applications. Results were compared with Illumina data and resistance phenotypes. Results: MinION correctly identified pathogens without culture and, among 55 acquired resistance genes detected in the cultivated bacteria by Illumina sequencing, 51 were found by MinION sequencing directly from the urines; with three of the four failures in an early run with low genome coverage. Resistance-conferring mutations and allelic variants were not reliably identified. Conclusions: MinION sequencing comprehensively identified pathogens and acquired resistance genes from urine in a timeframe similar to PCR (4 h from sample to result). Bioinformatic pipeline optimization is needed to better detect resistances conferred by point mutations. Metagenomic-sequencing-based diagnosis will enable clinicians to adjust antimicrobial therapy before the second dose of a typical (i.e. every 8 h) antibiotic.
TL;DR: An event-triggered state estimator is constructed and a sufficient condition is given under which the estimation error dynamics is exponentially ultimately bounded in the mean square, and the characterization of the desired estimator gain is designed in terms of the solution to a certain matrix inequality.
Abstract: In this paper, the event-triggered state estimation problem is investigated for a class of discrete-time multidelayed neural networks with stochastic parameters and incomplete measurements. In order to cater for more realistic transmission process of the neural signals, we make the first attempt to introduce a set of stochastic variables to characterize the random fluctuations of system parameters. In the addressed neural network model, the delays among the interconnections are allowed to be different, which are more general than those in the existing literature. The incomplete information under consideration includes randomly occurring sensor saturations and quantizations. For the purpose of energy saving, an event-triggered state estimator is constructed and a sufficient condition is given under which the estimation error dynamics is exponentially ultimately bounded in the mean square. It is worth noting that the ultimate boundedness of the error dynamics is explicitly estimated. The characterization of the desired estimator gain is designed in terms of the solution to a certain matrix inequality. Finally, a numerical simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered state estimation scheme.
TL;DR: This paper makes three contributions to the Special Issue's theme of enhancing organizational resource management to establish an archetype business process for big data initiatives and identifies drawbacks of resource based theory (RBT) and it's underpinning assumptions in the context of big data.
University of New Mexico1, Washington University in St. Louis2, University of Aberdeen3, George Washington University4, University of the District of Columbia5, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation6, Silver Spring Networks7, Medical University of South Carolina8, Brunel University London9, Centre national de la recherche scientifique10, Oregon State University11, University of Wisconsin-Madison12, Carleton University13, Iowa State University14, Harvard University15, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre16, University of Utah17, New Mexico State University18, Aberystwyth University19, European Bioinformatics Institute20, IFREMER21, University of the Sunshine Coast22, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre23, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research24, University of Notre Dame25, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science26, National Institutes of Health27, Bowling Green State University28, University of Alberta29, Lawrence University30, University of Göttingen31, Pennsylvania State University32, VU University Amsterdam33, Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience34, Kingston University35, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute36, Kenya Medical Research Institute37, University of Pennsylvania38, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory39, University of California, Santa Cruz40, American Museum of Natural History41, University of Westminster42, London Centre for Nanotechnology43, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory44
TL;DR: Parts of phero-perception, stress responses, immune function and regulation of gene expression that support the persistence of B. glabrata are described and several potential targets for developing novel control measures aimed at reducing snail-mediated transmission of schistosomiasis are identified.
Abstract: Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global health problem by 2025, there is now renewed emphasis on snail control Here, we characterize the genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, a lophotrochozoan protostome, and provide timely and important information on snail biology We describe aspects of phero-perception, stress responses, immune function and regulation of gene expression that support the persistence of B glabrata in the field and may define this species as a suitable snail host for S mansoni We identify several potential targets for developing novel control measures aimed at reducing snail-mediated transmission of schistosomiasis
TL;DR: A critical review of the existing literature on N2O emissions during BNR is presented focusing on the most contributing parameters, with an undeniable validation of the robustness of such models calls for reliable quantification techniques which simultaneously describe dissolved and gaseous N 2O dynamics.
Vardan Khachatryan1, Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam +2325 more•Institutions (191)
TL;DR: In this paper, an upper bound on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay to invisible particles, as a function of the assumed production cross-sections, was established, and the results were also interpreted in the context of Higgs-portal dark matter models.
Abstract: Searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson are presented. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.1, 19.7, and 2.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively. The search channels target Higgs boson production via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and in association with a vector boson. Upper limits are placed on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay to invisible particles, as a function of the assumed production cross sections. The combination of all channels, assuming standard model production, yields an observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction of 0.24 (0.23) at the 95% confidence level. The results are also interpreted in the context of Higgs-portal dark matter models.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the properties of pyrolysis gas for energy recovery because it is a good gaseous fuel and identify possible implications of possible implications in the future.