China University of Petroleum

About: China University of Petroleum is a education organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Oil shale. The organization has 39802 authors who have published 39151 publications receiving 483760 citations. The organization is also known as: Zhōngguó Shíyóu Dàxué & China University of Petroleum (Beijing).

Co-teaching: Robust Training of Deep Neural Networks with Extremely Noisy Labels

Abstract: Deep learning with noisy labels is practically challenging, as the capacity of deep models is so high that they can totally memorize these noisy labels sooner or later during training. Nonetheless, recent studies on the memorization effects of deep neural networks show that they would first memorize training data of clean labels and then those of noisy labels. Therefore in this paper, we propose a new deep learning paradigm called Co-teaching for combating with noisy labels. Namely, we train two deep neural networks simultaneously, and let them teach each other given every mini-batch: firstly, each network feeds forward all data and selects some data of possibly clean labels; secondly, two networks communicate with each other what data in this mini-batch should be used for training; finally, each network back propagates the data selected by its peer network and updates itself. Empirical results on noisy versions of MNIST, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 demonstrate that Co-teaching is much superior to the state-of-the-art methods in the robustness of trained deep models.

Design of Single-Atom Co–N5 Catalytic Site: A Robust Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction with Nearly 100% CO Selectivity and Remarkable Stability

Abstract: We develop an N-coordination strategy to design a robust CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) electrocatalyst with atomically dispersed Co–N5 site anchored on polymer-derived hollow N-doped porous carbon spheres. Our catalyst exhibits high selectivity for CO2RR with CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) above 90% over a wide potential range from −0.57 to −0.88 V (the FECO exceeded 99% at −0.73 and −0.79 V). The CO current density and FECO remained nearly unchanged after electrolyzing 10 h, revealing remarkable stability. Experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate single-atom Co–N5 site is the dominating active center simultaneously for CO2 activation, the rapid formation of key intermediate COOH* as well as the desorption of CO.

Rolling circle amplification: A versatile tool for chemical biology, materials science and medicine

Abstract: Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an isothermal enzymatic process where a short DNA or RNA primer is amplified to form a long single stranded DNA or RNA using a circular DNA template and special DNA or RNA polymerases. The RCA product is a concatemer containing tens to hundreds of tandem repeats that are complementary to the circular template. The power, simplicity, and versatility of the DNA amplification technique have made it an attractive tool for biomedical research and nanobiotechnology. Traditionally, RCA has been used to develop sensitive diagnostic methods for a variety of targets including nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), small molecules, proteins, and cells. RCA has also attracted significant attention in the field of nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. The RCA-produced long, single-stranded DNA with repeating units has been used as template for the periodic assembly of nanospecies. Moreover, since RCA products can be tailor-designed by manipulating the circular template, RCA has been employed to generate complex DNA nanostructures such as DNA origami, nanotubes, nanoribbons and DNA based metamaterials. These functional RCA based nanotechnologies have been utilized for biodetection, drug delivery, designing bioelectronic circuits and bioseparation. In this review, we introduce the fundamental engineering principles used to design RCA nanotechnologies, discuss recently developed RCA-based diagnostics and bioanalytical tools, and summarize the use of RCA to construct multivalent molecular scaffolds and nanostructures for applications in biology, diagnostics and therapeutics.