Showing papers by "Hong Kong Polytechnic University published in 1999"
TL;DR: The ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay is a recently developed, direct test of “total antioxidant power” that facilitates experimental and clinical studies investigating the relationship among antioxidant status, dietary habits, and risk of disease.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay is a recently developed, direct test of “total antioxidant power.” The FRAP assay is robust, sensitive, simple, and speedy and facilitates experimental and clinical studies investigating the relationship among antioxidant status, dietary habits, and risk of disease. Measurement of the total antioxidant power of fresh biological fluids—such as blood plasma—can be measured directly; the antioxidant content of various dietary agents can be measured objectively and reproducibly and their potential for improving the antioxidant status of the body investigated and compared. The FRAP assay is also sensitive and analytically precise enough to be used in assessing the bioavailability of antioxidants in dietary agents to help monitor longitudinal changes in antioxidant status associated with an increased intake of dietary antioxidants and to investigate the effects of disease on antioxidant status.
3,037 citations
VU University Amsterdam1, University of Pennsylvania2, University of Maryland, Baltimore3, Cornell University4, New Mexico State University5, Qatar Airways6, Louisiana Tech University7, Université du Québec8, Stockholm School of Economics9, University of Buenos Aires10, University of Alberta11, University of Indonesia12, University of Queensland13, Bellevue University14, London Business School15, Western Illinois University16, University of Memphis17, Fudan University18, Boğaziçi University19, University of Reading20, University of South Africa21, Athens University of Economics and Business22, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich23, University of Calgary24, University of Burgundy25, National Sun Yat-sen University26, Hong Kong Polytechnic University27, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad28, City University of Hong Kong29, Lincoln University (New Zealand)30, University of Lethbridge31, Wayne State University32, University College Dublin33, Indiana University34, Kuwait University35, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology36, University of Giessen37, The Chinese University of Hong Kong38, University of Zurich39, Fordham University40, Complutense University of Madrid41, University of Nebraska–Lincoln42, INCAE Business School43, National University of Malaysia44, Opole University45, Hong Kong Baptist University46, Tbilisi State University47, Ohio State University48, University of Wrocław49, Alexandria University50, University of San Francisco51, Melbourne Business School52, Bentley University53, University of Los Andes54, I-Shou University55, Johannes Kepler University of Linz56, International Labour Organization57, Smith College58, Copenhagen Business School59, Chungnam National University60, National University of Singapore61, Tilburg University62, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology63, Thammasat University64, Sewanee: The University of the South65, FernUniversität Hagen66, Soochow University (Suzhou)67, University of St. Gallen68, Kumamoto University69
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on culturally endorsed implicit theories of leadership (CLTs) and show that attributes associated with charismatic/transformational leadership will be universally endorsed as contributing to outstanding leadership.
Abstract: This study focuses on culturally endorsed implicit theories of leadership (CLTs). Although cross-cultural research emphasizes that different cultural groups likely have different conceptions of what leadership should entail, a controversial position is argued here: namely that attributes associated with charismatic/transformational leadership will be universally endorsed as contributing to outstanding leadership. This hypothesis was tested in 62 cultures as part of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) Research Program. Universally endorsed leader attributes, as well as attributes that are universally seen as impediments to outstanding leadership and culturally contingent attributes are presented here. The results support the hypothesis that specific aspects of charismatic/transformational leadership are strongly and universally endorsed across cultures.
1,227 citations
TL;DR: One cup of tea of usual strength (1-2%), can provide the same potential for improving antioxidant status as around 150 mg of pure ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
Abstract: This study aimed to compare in vitro antioxidant power of different types of tea (Camellia sinensis). The ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was used to measure the total antioxidant power of freshly prepared infusions of 25 types of teas. Results showed that different teas had widely different in vitro antioxidant power and that the antioxidant capacity was strongly correlated (r = 0. 956) with the total phenolics content of the tea. Expressed as micromol of antioxidant power/g of dried tea leaves, values ranged as 132-654 micromol/g for black ("fermented") teas, 233-532 micromol/g for Oolong ("semifermented") teas, and 272-1144 micromol/g for green ("nonfermented") teas. One cup of tea of usual strength (1-2%), therefore, can provide the same potential for improving antioxidant status as around 150 mg of pure ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
671 citations
TL;DR: The authors comprehensively test the Black, Mendenhall, and Oddou (1991) model of the dimensions and determinants of adjustment to international assignments and also expand the model to examine two individual factors (i.e., previous assignments and language fluency) and three positional factors as moderators of adjustment determinants.
Abstract: We comprehensively test the Black, Mendenhall, and Oddou (1991) model of the dimensions and determinants of adjustment to international assignments. We also expand the model to examine two individual factors (i.e., previous assignments and language fluency) and three positional factors (i.e., hierarchical level, functional area, and assignment vector) as moderators of adjustment determinants. Surveys were completed by 452 expatriates from 29 different countries assigned to 45 host countries by large multinational firms. The multi-dimensionality of adjustment was investigated and confirmed. Support for the expanded Black et al. (1991) model was found. Several significant moderating effects emerged, showing different patterns of adjustment for those with different amounts of previous expatriate experience and levels of host country language fluency. Hierarchical level and assignment vector were also important moderators, but the effects for functional area were generally weak.
636 citations
TL;DR: Two novel characteristics, datum point invariance and line feature matching, are presented in palmprint verification, which are proposed to detect whether a couple of palmprints are from the same palm.
400 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that two factors that affect perceptions of strategic decision making are dissent and consensus building, and they argue that these forces attend the strategic decision-making process.
Abstract: Contradictory forces of dissent and consensus building attend the strategic decision process. Taking an information-processing perspective, we argue that two factors that affect perceptions of trus...
398 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual model that explains dining satisfaction and predicts post-dining behavioral intentions is proposed, and the model provides a reference framework for conceptualizing and describing the effects of disconfirmation on individuals' dining and post dining experience processes, and within which dining satisfaction research findings can be related, organized and integrated to form a systematic body of knowledge.
Abstract: This article proposes a conceptual model that explains dining satisfaction and predicts post‐dining behavioural intentions. The model provides a reference framework for conceptualising and describing the effects of disconfirmation on individuals’ dining and post‐dining experience processes, and within which dining satisfaction research findings can be related, organised, and integrated to form a systematic body of knowledge. The resulting discussion reviews consumer satisfaction research to date and evaluates applications of the approach in customer feedback. The article concludes that disconfirmation theory has sufficient comprehensiveness by suggesting that dining satisfaction is a consequence of disconfirmation and that satisfaction with the dining event does lead to repeat patronage. Subsequent articles (Part 2) will report and explain the research design and analytical methods used in this study, and (Part 3) will report on data analysis and findings of the study.
397 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the pore structure in HSC and NSC was investigated and it was shown that HSC lost its mechanical strength in a manner similar to that of NSC.
Abstract: Based on normal strength concrete (NSC) and high-strength concrete (HSC), with compressive strengths of 39, 76, and 94 MPa respectively, damage to concrete under high temperatures was identified. After exposure to temperatures up to 1200 °C, compressive strength and tensile splitting strength were determined. The pore structure in HSC and in NSC was also investigated. Results show that HSC lost its mechanical strength in a manner similar to that of NSC. The range between 400 and 800 °C was critical to the strength loss. High temperatures have a coarsening effect on the microstructure of both HSC and NSC. On the whole HSC and NSC suffered damage to almost the same degree, although HSC appeared to suffer a greater worsening of the permeability-related durability.
377 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared and contrasted corporate social disclosure practices between the two mediums of communication with respect to the number of firms reporting, amount of information released, and nation.
364 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model based on push and pull factors is adopted as a conceptual framework for the study, and the results indicate that the importance of push-and pull factors in motivating Chinese travelers can be different from that found in other studies, and there is a significant relationship between travel motivations and social demographic factors.
361 citations
TL;DR: This paper concludes by proposing an alternative model of tourism based on the principles of chaos theory that incorporates the nine elements that combine to explain how tourism functions.
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme for estimating the quality of reflective thinking in students' writing in reflective journals, using categories based on Mezirow's work on reflective thinking, was proposed.
Abstract: To determine whether students are engaged in reflective practice it is necessary to have some means of identifying reflective thought and a measure of the depth of reflective thinking. Several measures of reflectivity have been proposed but there appears to be no widely accepted and clearly formulated procedure for determining levels of reflective thinking from students' written reflective journals. In this study we propose a scheme for estimating the quality of reflective thinking in students' writing in reflective journals, using categories based on Mezirow's work on reflective thinking. In an initial test of the scheme, reasonable levels of agreement were obtained from eight judges. Disagreements over coding resulted from differing interpretations of the significance of what students had written rather than from a lack of precision in the guidelines for coding categories. A second test, using students' reflective papers, showed acceptable levels of reliability between four assessors. The method is reco...
TL;DR: In this article, a bench-scale experiment was initiated to investigate the feasibility of selectively precipitating NH4+−N in the leachate collected from a local landfill in Hong Kong as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP).
TL;DR: Experimental results showed that using the neural network model to forecast Japanese arrivals outperforms multiple regression, naive, moving average, and exponent smoothing.
TL;DR: In vivo frictional properties of human skin and five materials, namely aluminium, nylon, silicone, cotton sock, Pelite, were investigated and the palm of the hand has the highest coefficient of friction.
Abstract: In vivo frictional properties of human skin and five materials, namely aluminium, nylon, silicone, cotton sock, Pelite, were investigated. Normal and untreated skin over six anatomic regions of ten normal subjects were measured under a controlled environment. The average coefficient of friction for all measurements is 0.46±0.15 (p < 0.05). Among all measured sites, the palm of the hand has the highest coefficient of friction (0.62±0.22). For all the materials tested, silicone has the highest coefficient of friction (0.61±0.21), while nylon has the lowest friction (0.37±0.09).
TL;DR: In this article, a Hopfield type feedback neural network is proposed for real-time monitoring and analysis of harmonic variations in the power system, where the supply-frequency variation is handled separately from the amplitude/phase variations, thus ensuring high computational speed and high convergence rate.
Abstract: With increasing harmonic pollution in the power system, real-time monitoring and analysis of harmonic variations have become important. Because of limitations associated with conventional algorithms, particularly under supply-frequency drift and transient situations, a new approach based on nonlinear least-squares parameter estimation has been proposed as an alternative solution for high-accuracy evaluation. However, the computational demand of the algorithm is very high and it is more appropriate to use Hopfield type feedback neural networks for real-time harmonic evaluation. The proposed neural network implementation determines simultaneously the supply-frequency variation, the fundamental-amplitude/phase variation as well as the harmonics-amplitude/phase variation. The distinctive feature is that the supply-frequency variation is handled separately from the amplitude/phase variations, thus ensuring high computational speed and high convergence rate. Examples by computer simulation are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the implementation. A set of data taken on site was used as a real application of the system.
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of Guanxi in relationship development is explored and the constructs of adaptation, trust, opportunism, and favor are identified in a new Guanxi framework.
Abstract: One of the hot research topics today is relationship marketing. However, little research has been carried out in understanding the complex concepts of Guanxi (relationship) in a Chinese society. This research describes a study to operate the constructs of guanxi and explores the importance of guanxi in relationship development in order to present a new Guanxi framework. A study of both Western and Chinese literature provides foundations of the Guanxi perspectives. The constructs of adaptation, trust, opportunism and favour are identified. Adaptation and trust are found to be positively correlated with sales stability and quality. Whilst, adaptation is negatively correlated with relationship termination costs. Both theoretical framework (a new perceptual map) and managerial implications are given. In addition, recommendations for future research are made.
TL;DR: The pitfalls relating to the indiscriminate use of common maintenance performance indicators are discussed and four approaches to maintenance performance measures are reviewed in this paper.
Abstract: Performance measures should be linked to an organization’s strategy in order to provide useful information for making effective decisions and shaping desirable employee behaviour. The pitfalls relating to the indiscriminate use of common maintenance performance indicators are discussed in this paper. It also reviews four approaches to maintenance performance measures. The value‐based performance measure evaluates the impact of maintenance activities on the future value of the organization. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) provides a framework for translating strategy into operational measures that collectively capture the critical requirements for sustaining the organization’s success. System audits are the tool for measuring organizational culture, which in turn determines the appropriate approach to the organization of maintenance functions. The operational efficiency of an organization’s maintenance function can be benchmarked with those of its counterparts in other organizations by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Among these approaches, the one which builds on the BSC embraces the design principles of a good performance measurement system. To smooth the adoption of the BSC approach to managing maintenance operations, a related research agenda is proposed in the concluding section.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the crucial role of service quality, perceived value and customer satisfaction in shaping post-purchase behavior within the context of restaurant industry and found that customer satisfaction was more strongly correlated with perceived performance than disconfirma-tion.
Abstract: Service quality, perceived value and customer satisfaction are variables of high interest to marketers. These variables have been suggested to have an influence on customers' post-purchase behavior. The research presented in this article aims to examine the crucial role these variables play in shaping post-purchase behavior within the context of restaurant industry. Data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires. Customer satisfaction was found to be more strongly correlated with perceived performance than disconfirma-tion. In addition, the results of structural equations modeling revealed that customer satisfaction had the strongest effect on behavioral intentions, followed by perceived value. The effect of service quality on behavioral intentions was mediated through customer satisfaction. Managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the compressive strength, degree of pozzolanic reaction, and porosity of zeolite modified cement pastes were compared with those obtained from similar blended pastes prepared with silica fume and fly ash replacements.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop a concept of transitory earnings and contrast this source of earnings to "core" (or recurring) earnings, and show that any two of the following three attributes imply the third: (i) forecasting irrelevance with respect to next-period aggregate earnings, (ii) value incompleteness, and (iii) unpredictability.
Abstract: The paper develops a concept of transitory earnings and contrasts this source of earnings to "core" (or recurring) earnings. It is shown that any two of the following three attributes of transitory earnings imply the third: (i) forecasting irrelevance with respect to next-period aggregate earnings, (ii) value irrelevance, and (iii) unpredictability. The paper makes the case that the current "dirty surplus" items make sense, especially if one expands the valuation perspective to also allow for agency considerations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the confining pressure and axial pressure effects on the time-dependent stress-strain behavior of salt rock are analyzed quantitatively based on a number of uniaxial and triaxial creep test results.
TL;DR: In this paper, Hong Kong cruise travelers' profile, motivation factors, and satisfaction level, and assess the important determinants and the probability of cruise travelers joining cruise travel again were found.
TL;DR: Scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersion analysis shows that Pb2+ has exchanged with K+ and Ca2+ on the cell wall of Mucor rouxii, thereby suggesting ion exchange as one of the dominant mechanisms of metal biosorption for this fungal strain.
TL;DR: In this paper, a first attempt to identify the roles played by the Chinese government in developing its international inbound tourism is presented. But, there is still little understanding about the role played by China government in the development of tourism.
TL;DR: This article used a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches as developed by Echtner and Ritchie 1991, Journal of Tourism Studies 2(2), 2-12, to investigate the image of Hong Kong.
TL;DR: In this paper, a formulation of the multi-degree of freedom equations of motion for fluid damper-connected adjacent multi-story buildings under earthquake excitation is presented, where the ground acceleration due to earthquake is regarded as a stochastic process, and a pseudo-excitation algorithm in the frequency domain is implemented in a computer program to handle nonclassical damping properties of the system.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of zeolite in enhancing the performance of concrete in comparison with silica fume and pulverized fuel ash (PFA).
Abstract: Zeolite, a type of natural pozzolanic material, has been used in producing blended cement and concrete in China. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of zeolite in enhancing the performance of concrete in comparison with silica fume and pulverized fuel ash (PFA). In the first series of experiments, zeolite, silica fume, and PFA were all used to replace 5%, 10%, 15% and 30% of cement by weight in concrete with water to total cementitious material ratio (W/(C + P)) kept at 0.28. The results showed that zeolite decreased bleeding and increased marginally the viscosity of concrete without significantly compromising the slump. And at 15% replacement level, it resulted in 14% increase in concrete strength at 28-day compared with the control concrete. The test results also showed that there existed an optimum replacement level for zeolite to effect a decrease in initial surface absorption and in chloride diffusion of concrete. The test results of the second series of experiments where zeolite, silica fume and PFA were in turn used to replace 10% of cement in concretes with W/(C + P) in the range of 0.27 to 0.45 appeared that zeolite performed better than PFA but was inferior to silica fume in terms of increasing strength, decreasing initial surface absorption and chloride diffusion. It was further found that when W/(C + P) was greater than 0.45, the strength of the concretes incorporating zeolite or PFA (by direct replacement) was lower than that of the control concrete. The micro-structural study on concrete with zeolite revealed that the soluble SiO2 and Al2O3 could react with Ca(OH)2 to produce C–S–H which densified the concrete matrix. Pozzolanic effect of zeolite improved the microstructure of hardened cement paste and reduced the content of the harmful large pores, hence made concrete more impervious.
TL;DR: Recent studies on ginseng cell culture processes are reviewed, focusing on the physiological and bioengineering factors affecting the productivity of ginsENG biomass and useful metabolites and the progress and concerns in large-scale applications.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors surveyed the environmental attitudes and behavior of 549 subjects from Beijing and Guangzhou in China using the refined Maloney and Ward ecological scale and found that Chinese people's ecological concerns are still rather low even though they have expressed exceptionally strong emotional attachment to ecological issues.
Abstract: The present study surveys the environmental attitudes and behavior of 549 subjects from Beijing and Guangzhou in China using the refined Maloney and Ward ecological scale. Overall, the survey findings suggest that Chinese people's ecological concerns are still rather low even though they have expressed exceptionally strong emotional attachment to ecological issues, a phenomenon probably attributed to traditional cultural values. To advance the green movement of China, green marketers and the government need to seriously consider ways to raise Chinese people's existing ecological concerns and channel them into related actual commitments. Specifically, green marketers should not exaggerate their environmental claims and should continually improve the quality of their green products. In addition to strengthening its environmental education and increasing its investments in public environmental facilities, the Chinese government should work in conjunction with various stakeholders, to establish a com...