Imperial Chemical Industries

About: Imperial Chemical Industries is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Alkyl & Catalysis. The organization has 8189 authors who have published 7809 publications receiving 190252 citations. The organization is also known as: Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.

Influence of direct‐drilling of winter wheat on incidence of take‐all and eyespot

Abstract: SUMMARY Winter wheat drilled directly into stubble or pasture treated with paraquat to kill the vegetation has been found to be less severely attacked by take-all (Ophiobolus graminis (Sacc.) Sacc.) and eyespot (Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron) than wheat drilled after cultivation. The reduction of take-all is associated, not with a direct effect of the chemical, but with factors, resulting from the technique, which limit the rate of spread of the fungus in the undisturbed soil.

The toxicity of ethylene oxide to calandra oryzae, c. granaria, tribolium castaneum, and cimex lectularius

Abstract: Summary 1 The orders of resistance of four different species of insects are shown to be different towards hydrogen cyanide, ethylene oxide and sulphur dioxide. 2 The different circumstances to be considered in fumigation research are surveyed with a view to ensuring reliable results. They can be grouped as: (a) Factors which may influence absorption of poison. (b) Factors which may influence toxic processes and degree of poisoning. 3 These factors are assessed and each aspect of technique is described with an estimate of the extent to which it has been controlled. 4 The arrangement of experiments to provide as much information as possible is described and the limits of accuracy defined. 5 Details of the rearing and treatment of insects are given. 6 Difficulties of estimation of mortality are considered and a relation between severity of fumigation and incidence of death or recovery from stupefaction is demonstrated. 7 The dose-kill data are treated by Bliss's Method of Probits and tables of statistics for each set of data are appended. 8 Various time-concentration relations are considered, and from these the empirical formula cnt =W has been adopted. A statistical analysis shows no serious deviation from this relationship. 9 The need for uniformity in expression of toxicity is stressed, and the following criterion of resistance proposed: “The 5-hr. concentrations (mg./l. N.T.P.) for 50 and 99% kill and the value of n”. 10 The values of the criteria for the four species used (Calandra granaria. C. oryzae. Triboliun castaneum and Cimea: lectularius) are given.

Biological control of a soil-borne pythium infection by seed inoculation

Abstract: 1. A three-fold effect was produced on white mustard seedlings grown in soil infected withPythium sp. Seed germination, the number of healthy plants which survived and the fresh weight of the shoots were reduced. 2. Disease symptoms were controlled to some extent by dusting the seeds with spores of some common soil saprophytes includingTrichoderma viride, Penicillium nigricans, P. jrequentans andP. godlewskii. 3. Of three strains ofTrichoderma viride which were tested for antagonism toPythium sp., a gliotoxin-producing strain was more effective in controlling the disease than a viridin-producing strain and an antibiotically inactive strain gave least protection to the seedlings. 4. The disease symptoms were less severe in soil treated with acid or calcium hydroxide. Inoculation of the seeds withT. viride gave further control of the disease in soil treated with calcium hydroxide but not in acidified soils. These results are discussed in relation to the production of gliotoxin byT. viride.

Electrostatic spraying device and method using an alternating polarity high potential

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device in which liquid emerging from an outlet of the device nozzle (12) is subjected to an electrical field sufficiently high for the liquid to be drawn from the outlet as one or more ligaments which break up into charged droplets to form the spray. The device is adapted for the spraying of targets which are conventionally difficult to coat electrostatically, eg. targets of insulating material. This is achieved by the use of circuitry (18, 20, 22, 24) which generates a bi-polar high voltage output having a frequency such that successive clouds of particles are charged with opposite polarity but do not discharge each other in flight. In this way, the charge applied to the particles is effective to assist seeking of the target without leading to build-up of charge on the target.

Quantitative analysis in the 2-μ, region applied to synthetic polymers†

Abstract: The application of short-wave (below 2μ) spectroscopy in the examination and analysis of synthetic polymers is described with special reference to molecular weight determination by end-group estimation, determination of monomer in polymers, and analysis of copolymers.