Jean Moulin University Lyon 3

About: Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 is a education organization based out in Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Geology. The organization has 343 authors who have published 572 publications receiving 3175 citations.

Les facteurs de risque et le problème de la démarcation entre le normal et le pathologique : une analyse épistémologique

Abstract: The fact that numerous risk factors are continuous raises the problem of the boundary between the normal and the pathological states. Moreover, a risk factor approach to disease deeply calls into question the relevance of these concepts. In this paper, I propose an epistemological analysis of the notion of "continuity" as it is used in the context of "risk factor epidemiology".

Denudation rates during a postglacial sequence in Northern Iceland: example of Laxárdalur valley in the Skagafjörður area

Abstract: For several decades, geomorphologists have focused on the functioning of geomorphic systems after deglaciation. The relative importance of paraglacial vs. periglacial processes has been highly debated. At present, the development of dating techniques allows to contribute to this debate. We reconstruct in this paper the geomorphic evolution of Tindastoll mountain slopes in Laxardalur valley (Skagafjorður area, central northern Iceland), where a chronological framework can be established through tephrochronology and an assemblage of dated raised beaches. Volumetric calculations of constructed and excavated landforms were created from field data and from DEM and geographical information system techniques. Collectively, our data exhibit a first stage of paraglacial landsliding during the first half of the Holocene, followed by a stage of scree and rockglacier development (during the second half of the Holocene, but before 1100 AD). Our estimations indicate that more than 85% of the total sediment production were due to rock slope failure, and the rate of bedrock denudation due to periglacial processes was about one half of the rate of paraglacial processes. Nevertheless, paraglacial and periglacial processes cannot be seen here as antagonistic processes: they are organized in a sequence during which periglacial processes are conditioned (enhancement of bedrock denudation rates) by fracturing and consequent mass wasting. Screes and concomitant rockglaciers were indeed preconditioned by the landslide, while areas non-affected by landslides have remained mostly intact, characterized by a very low rate of accumulation due to geomorphic (periglacial) activity.

Du temps professionnel total à la régulation des temps sociaux : les jeunes générations de médecins devant l’émergence d’un nouvel éthos temporel

Abstract: ResumeCet article explore l’hypothese d’un changement d’ « ethos temporel » a l’oeuvre chez les nouvelles generations de medecins en s’appuyant sur une recherche menee aupres de medecins (hommes et femmes), âges de 30 a 35 ans, toutes specialites confondues. L’ethos professionnel classique des medecins valorise une disponibilite temporelle inconditionnelle pour les patients, le temps de travail en venant a submerger les autres temps sociaux. Une partie des jeunes medecins prend ses distances par rapport a cet ethos : les temps sociaux « non travailles » ont acquis une forte legitimite qui se traduit dans des pratiques diverses de regulation du temps de travail.

Local influence of south-east France topography and land cover on the distribution and characteristics of intense rainfall cells

Abstract: The Greater Lyon area is strongly built up, grouping 58 communes and a population of 1.3 million in approximately 500 km2. The flood risk is high as the territory is crossed by two large watercourses and by streams with torrential flow. Floods may also occur in case of runoff after heavy rain or because of a rise in the groundwater level. The whole territory can therefore be affected, and it is necessary to possess in-depth knowledge of the depths, causes and consequences of rainfall to achieve better management of precipitation in urban areas and to reduce flood risk. This study is thus focused on the effects of topography and land cover on the occurrence, intensity and area of intense rainfall cells. They are identified by local radar meteorology (C-band) combined with a processing algorithm running in a geographic information system (GIS) which identified 109,979 weighted mean centres of them in a sample composed of the five most intense rainfall events from 2001 to 2005. First, analysis of spatial distribution at an overall scale is performed, completed by study at a more detailed scale. The results show that the distribution of high-intensity rainfall cells is spread in cluster form. Subsequently, comparison of intense rainfall cells with the topography shows that cell density is closely linked with land slope but that, above all, urbanised zones feature nearly twice as many rainfall cells as farm land or forest, with more intense intensity.