Institution
Lancaster University
Education•Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom•
About: Lancaster University is a education organization based out in Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 13080 authors who have published 44563 publications receiving 1692277 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Lancaster & Lancaster University.
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TL;DR: The main argument of as mentioned in this paper is that weak comparability of values should be seen as one characteristic feature of ecological economics, and the formal properties of the concepts of strong comparability (e.g., strong or weak commensurability) and weak comparality (implying incommensurality) will be clarified.
697 citations
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TL;DR: Kirschvink et al. as discussed by the authors used magnetic analyses and electron microscopy to identify the abundant presence in the brain of magnetite nanoparticles that are consistent with high-temperature formation, suggesting, therefore, an external, not internal, source.
Abstract: Biologically formed nanoparticles of the strongly magnetic mineral, magnetite, were first detected in the human brain over 20 y ago [Kirschvink JL, Kobayashi-Kirschvink A, Woodford BJ (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89(16):7683-7687]. Magnetite can have potentially large impacts on the brain due to its unique combination of redox activity, surface charge, and strongly magnetic behavior. We used magnetic analyses and electron microscopy to identify the abundant presence in the brain of magnetite nanoparticles that are consistent with high-temperature formation, suggesting, therefore, an external, not internal, source. Comprising a separate nanoparticle population from the euhedral particles ascribed to endogenous sources, these brain magnetites are often found with other transition metal nanoparticles, and they display rounded crystal morphologies and fused surface textures, reflecting crystallization upon cooling from an initially heated, iron-bearing source material. Such high-temperature magnetite nanospheres are ubiquitous and abundant in airborne particulate matter pollution. They arise as combustion-derived, iron-rich particles, often associated with other transition metal particles, which condense and/or oxidize upon airborne release. Those magnetite pollutant particles which are <∼200 nm in diameter can enter the brain directly via the olfactory bulb. Their presence proves that externally sourced iron-bearing nanoparticles, rather than their soluble compounds, can be transported directly into the brain, where they may pose hazard to human health.
697 citations
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Queen's University Belfast1, Max Planck Society2, California Institute of Technology3, University College Dublin4, University of Southampton5, University of Hawaii6, University of Copenhagen7, Weizmann Institute of Science8, University of Warwick9, University of Edinburgh10, Andrés Bello National University11, Millennium Institute12, European Southern Observatory13, Liverpool John Moores University14, Stockholm University15, Space Science Institute16, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile17, INAF18, University of Padua19, Radboud University Nijmegen20, Netherlands Institute for Space Research21, Spanish National Research Council22, Centre national de la recherche scientifique23, University of Chile24, University of Portsmouth25, University of Pittsburgh26, Instituto Superior Técnico27, University of Warsaw28, University of Turku29, University of Iceland30, Valparaiso University31, University of Cambridge32, Lancaster University33, Humboldt University of Berlin34, Heidelberg University35, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies36, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris37, University of Oxford38, University of Catania39, Space Telescope Science Institute40, Johns Hopkins University41, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics42, Australian National University43, University of New South Wales44, Harvard University45, University of the Free State46, Northwestern University47, University of Minnesota48
TL;DR: Observations and physical modelling of a rapidly fading electromagnetic transient in the galaxy NGC 4993, which is spatially coincident with GW170817, indicate that neutron-star mergers produce gravitational waves and radioactively powered kilonovae, and are a nucleosynthetic source of the r-process elements.
Abstract: Gravitational waves were discovered with the detection of binary black-hole mergers and they should also be detectable from lower-mass neutron-star mergers. These are predicted to eject material rich in heavy radioactive isotopes that can power an electromagnetic signal. This signal is luminous at optical and infrared wavelengths and is called a kilonova. The gravitational-wave source GW170817 arose from a binary neutron-star merger in the nearby Universe with a relatively well confined sky position and distance estimate. Here we report observations and physical modelling of a rapidly fading electromagnetic transient in the galaxy NGC 4993, which is spatially coincident with GW170817 and with a weak, short γ-ray burst. The transient has physical parameters that broadly match the theoretical predictions of blue kilonovae from neutron-star mergers. The emitted electromagnetic radiation can be explained with an ejected mass of 0.04 ± 0.01 solar masses, with an opacity of less than 0.5 square centimetres per gram, at a velocity of 0.2 ± 0.1 times light speed. The power source is constrained to have a power-law slope of -1.2 ± 0.3, consistent with radioactive powering from r-process nuclides. (The r-process is a series of neutron capture reactions that synthesise many of the elements heavier than iron.) We identify line features in the spectra that are consistent with light r-process elements (atomic masses of 90-140). As it fades, the transient rapidly becomes red, and a higher-opacity, lanthanide-rich ejecta component may contribute to the emission. This indicates that neutron-star mergers produce gravitational waves and radioactively powered kilonovae, and are a nucleosynthetic source of the r-process elements.
695 citations
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Erasmus University Rotterdam1, University of California, San Francisco2, San Francisco VA Medical Center3, University College Dublin4, Utrecht University5, Yale University6, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill7, Queen's University8, Vrije Universiteit Brussel9, Maastricht University Medical Centre10, Lancaster University11, University of Sheffield12, University Hospital of Lausanne13, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich14
TL;DR: A formal Delphi consensus process was used to help develop a definition of ACP and provide recommendations for its application, and it is believed that these recommendations can provide guidance for clinical practice, ACP policy, and research.
Abstract: Advance care planning (ACP) is increasingly implemented in oncology and beyond, but a definition of ACP and recommendations concerning its use are lacking. We used a formal Delphi consensus process to help develop a definition of ACP and provide recommendations for its application. Of the 109 experts (82 from Europe, 16 from North America, and 11 from Australia) who rated the ACP definitions and its 41 recommendations, agreement for each definition or recommendation was between 68-100%. ACP was defined as the ability to enable individuals to define goals and preferences for future medical treatment and care, to discuss these goals and preferences with family and health-care providers, and to record and review these preferences if appropriate. Recommendations included the adaptation of ACP based on the readiness of the individual; targeting ACP content as the individual's health condition worsens; and, using trained non-physician facilitators to support the ACP process. We present a list of outcome measures to enable the pooling and comparison of results of ACP studies. We believe that our recommendations can provide guidance for clinical practice, ACP policy, and research.
692 citations
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TL;DR: A novel ELISA method is developed that detects only oligomeric “soluble aggregates” of α‐syn in human plasma as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease and offers new opportunities for developing diagnostic tests for PD and related diseases.
Abstract: To date there is no accepted clinical diagnostic test for Parkinson's disease (PD) based on biochemical analysis of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn) protein has been linked to the pathogenesis of PD with the discovery of mutations in the gene encoding alpha-syn in familial cases with early-onset PD. Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, which constitute the main pathological features in the brains of patients with sporadic PD and dementia with Lewy bodies, are formed by the conversion of soluble monomers of alpha-syn into insoluble aggregates. We recently reported the presence of alpha-syn in normal human blood plasma and in postmortem CSF. Here, we investigated whether alpha-syn can be used as a biomarker for PD. We have developed a novel ELISA method that detects only oligomeric "soluble aggregates" of alpha-syn. Using this ELISA, we report the presence of significantly elevated (P=0.002) levels of oligomeric forms of alpha-syn in plasma samples obtained from 34 PD patients compared with 27 controls; 52% (95% confidence intervals 0.353-0.687) of the PD patients displayed signals >0.5 OD with our ELISA assay in comparison to only 14.8% (95% confidence intervals 0.014-0.281) for the control cases. An analysis of the test's diagnostic value revealed a specificity of 0.852 (95% confidence intervals 0.662-0.958), sensitivity of 0.529 (95% confidence intervals 0.351-0.702) and a positive predictive value of 0.818 (95% confidence intervals 0.597-0.948). These observations offer new opportunities for developing diagnostic tests for PD and related diseases and for testing therapeutic agents aimed at preventing or reversing the aggregation of alpha-syn.
692 citations
Authors
Showing all 13361 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
H. S. Chen | 179 | 2401 | 178529 |
John Hardy | 177 | 1178 | 171694 |
Yang Gao | 168 | 2047 | 146301 |
Gavin Davies | 159 | 2036 | 149835 |
David Tilman | 158 | 340 | 149473 |
David Cameron | 154 | 1586 | 126067 |
A. Artamonov | 150 | 1858 | 119791 |
Steven Williams | 144 | 1375 | 86712 |
Carmen García | 139 | 1503 | 96925 |
Milos Lokajicek | 139 | 1511 | 98888 |
S. R. Hou | 139 | 1845 | 106563 |
Roger Jones | 138 | 998 | 114061 |
Alan D. Baddeley | 137 | 467 | 89497 |
Pavel Shatalov | 136 | 1097 | 91536 |