Showing papers by "Miami University published in 2016"
TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of microorganisms to exchange electrons, such as c-type cytochromes and microbial nanowires, with extracellular minerals and with microorganisms of the same or different species are discussed.
Abstract: Electrons can be transferred from microorganisms to multivalent metal ions that are associated with minerals and vice versa. As the microbial cell envelope is neither physically permeable to minerals nor electrically conductive, microorganisms have evolved strategies to exchange electrons with extracellular minerals. In this Review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of microorganisms to exchange electrons, such as c-type cytochromes and microbial nanowires, with extracellular minerals and with microorganisms of the same or different species. Microorganisms that have extracellular electron transfer capability can be used for biotechnological applications, including bioremediation, biomining and the production of biofuels and nanomaterials.
1,047 citations
TL;DR: The authors presented a synthesis of research connecting culturally relevant education to positive student outcomes across content areas, with the hope that this synthesis will be useful to educational researchers, parents, teachers, and education leaders wanting to reframe public debates in education away from neoliberal individualism.
Abstract: Many teachers and educational researchers have claimed to adopt tenets of culturally relevant education (CRE). However, recent work describes how standardized curricula and testing have marginalized CRE in educational reform discourses. In this synthesis of research, we sought examples of research connecting CRE to positive student outcomes across content areas. It is our hope that this synthesis will be a reference useful to educational researchers, parents, teachers, and education leaders wanting to reframe public debates in education away from neoliberal individualism, whether in a specific content classroom or in a broader educational community.
485 citations
TL;DR: A 16-item version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale is developed – the DERS-16, which shows minimal differences in its convergent and discriminant validity with relevant measures when compared to the original DERS.
Abstract: The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a widely-used, theoretically-driven, and psychometrically-sound self-report measure of emotion regulation difficulties. However, at 36-items, the DERS may be challenging to administer in some situations or settings (e.g., in the course of patient care or large-scale epidemiological studies). Consequently, there is a need a briefer version of the DERS. The goal of the present studies was to develop and evaluate a 16-item version of the DERS - the DERS-16. The reliability and validity of the DERS-16 were examined in a clinical sample (N = 96) and two large community samples (Ns = 102 and 482). The validity of the DERS-16 was evaluated comparing the relative strength of the association of the two versions of the DERS with measures of emotion regulation and related constructs, psychopathology, and clinically-relevant behaviors theorized to stem from emotion regulation deficits. Results demonstrate that the DERS-16 has retained excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good convergent and discriminant validity. Further, the DERS-16 showed minimal differences in its convergent and discriminant validity with relevant measures when compared to the original DERS. In conclusion, the DERS-16 offers a valid and brief method for the assessment of overall emotion regulation difficulties.
379 citations
TL;DR: The second critical assessment of functional annotation (CAFA), a timed challenge to assess computational methods that automatically assign protein function, was conducted by as mentioned in this paper. But the results of the CAFA2 assessment are limited.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A major bottleneck in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of life is the assignment of function to proteins. While molecular experiments provide the most reliable annotation of proteins, their relatively low throughput and restricted purview have led to an increasing role for computational function prediction. However, assessing methods for protein function prediction and tracking progress in the field remain challenging. RESULTS: We conducted the second critical assessment of functional annotation (CAFA), a timed challenge to assess computational methods that automatically assign protein function. We evaluated 126 methods from 56 research groups for their ability to predict biological functions using Gene Ontology and gene-disease associations using Human Phenotype Ontology on a set of 3681 proteins from 18 species. CAFA2 featured expanded analysis compared with CAFA1, with regards to data set size, variety, and assessment metrics. To review progress in the field, the analysis compared the best methods from CAFA1 to those of CAFA2. CONCLUSIONS: The top-performing methods in CAFA2 outperformed those from CAFA1. This increased accuracy can be attributed to a combination of the growing number of experimental annotations and improved methods for function prediction. The assessment also revealed that the definition of top-performing algorithms is ontology specific, that different performance metrics can be used to probe the nature of accurate predictions, and the relative diversity of predictions in the biological process and human phenotype ontologies. While there was methodological improvement between CAFA1 and CAFA2, the interpretation of results and usefulness of individual methods remain context-dependent.
330 citations
TL;DR: Rasch psychometric techniques can be used to guide the development and analysis of tests and surveys and to explain the meaning of a test score or survey score.
Abstract: Rasch psychometric techniques can be used to guide the development and analysis of tests and surveys. Rasch techniques also can be used to explain the meaning of a test score or survey score. Of gr...
329 citations
University of Virginia1, University of California, Davis2, Miami University3, Montana State University4, Nova Southeastern University5, University of California, Riverside6, Pennsylvania State University7, Ashland University8, University of North Florida9, Virginia Commonwealth University10, Carleton University11, University of Hawaii at Manoa12, University of Florida13, Texas A&M University14, San Diego State University15, University of Southern Mississippi16, Pacific Lutheran University17, Bradley University18, Michigan State University19, University of Toronto20, Ithaca College21, Ohio State University22
TL;DR: This paper examined time of semester variation in 10 known effects, 10 individual differences, and 3 data quality indicators over the course of the academic semester in 20 participant pools and with an online sample.
270 citations
TL;DR: Achieving a successful CRM environment needs not only the critical success factors analyzed but also some practical aspects, especially the cooperation of the IT and other functionalities within the enterprise.
Abstract: Customer relationship management is a buzzword around businesses. “CRM comprises a set of processes and enabling systems supporting a business strategy to build long term, profitable relationships with specific customers.” There are a few components of CRM implementation, most importantly, the IT component. While revolutionary in many respects, CRM is also a natural and predictable extension of how marketing and sales have evolved over the years and, in many ways, are coming full circle. The Customer Relationship Management Cycle consists of an evaluation phase, a planning phase, an implementation phase, and a review phase. Several intrinsic business reasons are driving a great number of companies going onto the CRM highway. Companies can overlay their own data to better understand customer attributes and get better results. The most substantial impacts from CRM transitions fall into the category of information support. Customer information and the associated technology tools are the foundation upon which...
248 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors break from much previous research and attempt to explain conspiratorial beliefs with traditional theories of opinion formation, and find that people believe in conspiracy theories because they believe in their own beliefs.
Abstract: Why do people believe in conspiracy theories? This study breaks from much previous research and attempts to explain conspiratorial beliefs with traditional theories of opinion formation. Specifical...
235 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate a significant electrophysiological and behavioral impact of the pretrial state of the hippocampus that suggests an important role for this MTL system in associative learning and a significant deleterious impact in the absence of theta.
Abstract: Typical information processing is thought to depend on the integrity of neurobiological oscillations that may underlie coordination and timing of cells and assemblies within and between structures. The 3-7 Hz bandwidth of hippocampal theta rhythm is associated with cognitive processes essential to learning and depends on the integrity of cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic forebrain systems. Since several significant psychiatric disorders appear to result from dysfunction of medial temporal lobe (MTL) neurochemical systems, preclinical studies on animal models may be an important step in defining and treating such syndromes. Many studies have shown that the amount of hippocampal theta in the rabbit strongly predicts the acquisition rate of classical eyeblink conditioning and that impairment of this system substantially slows the rate of learning and attainment of asymptotic performance. Our lab has developed a brain-computer interface that makes eyeblink training trials contingent upon the explicit presence or absence of hippocampal theta. The behavioral benefit of theta-contingent training has been demonstrated in both delay and trace forms of the paradigm with a two- to fourfold increase in learning speed over non-theta states. The non-theta behavioral impairment is accompanied by disruption of the amplitude and synchrony of hippocampal local field potentials, multiple-unit excitation, and single-unit response patterns dependent on theta state. Our findings indicate a significant electrophysiological and behavioral impact of the pretrial state of the hippocampus that suggests an important role for this MTL system in associative learning and a significant deleterious impact in the absence of theta. Here, we focus on the impairments in the non-theta state, integrate them into current models of psychiatric disorders, and suggest how improvement in our understanding of neurobiological oscillations is critical for theories and treatment of psychiatric pathology.
180 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigate the validity of using online workers as a proxy for non-experts when accounting research designs use more demanding tasks than these workers typically complete, and find that online workers are at least as willing as students to make costly choices to forego wealth or leisure that are often central to addressing accounting research questions.
Abstract: Online labor markets allow rapid recruitment of large numbers of workers for very low pay. Although online workers are often used as research participants, there is little evidence that they are motivated to make costly choices to forego wealth or leisure that are often central to addressing accounting research questions. Thus, we investigate the validity of using online workers as a proxy for non-experts when accounting research designs use more demanding tasks than these workers typically complete. Three experiments examine the costly choices of online workers relative to student research participants. We find that online workers are at least as willing as students to make costly choices, even at significantly lower wages. We also find that online workers are sensitive to performance-based wages, which are just as effective in inducing high effort as high fixed wages. We discuss implications of our results for conducting accounting research with online workers.
166 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that lake salinity is more important than geographic distance in shaping the microbial diversity and community structure in the studied samples, and cautions should be taken in future when evaluating microbial response (abundant vs. rare sub-communities) to environmental conditions.
Abstract: Investigating microbial response to environmental variables is of great importance for understanding of microbial acclimatization and evolution in natural environments. However, little is known about how microbial communities responded to environmental factors (e.g. salinity, geographic distance) in lake surface sediments of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In this study, microbial diversity and community structure in the surface sediments of nine lakes on the QTP were investigated by using the Illumina Miseq sequencing technique and the resulting microbial data were statistically analyzed in combination with environmental variables. The results showed total microbial community of the studied lakes was significantly correlated (r = 0.631, P < 0.001) with lake salinity instead of geographic distance. This suggests that lake salinity is more important than geographic distance in shaping the microbial diversity and community structure in the studied samples. In addition, the abundant and rare taxa (OTUs with relative abundance higher than 1% and lower than 0.01% within one sample, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated (r = 0.427 and 0.783, respectively) with salinity, suggesting rare taxa might be more sensitive to salinity than their abundant counterparts, thus cautions should be taken in future when evaluating microbial response (abundant vs. rare sub-communities) to environmental conditions.
TL;DR: It is shown that browning over a 27 year period in two lakes of differing transparency resulted in fundamental changes in vertical habitat gradients and food web structure, and that these responses were stronger in the more transparent lake.
Abstract: Increases in terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) have led to the browning of inland waters across regions of northeastern North America and Europe. Short-term experimental and comparative studies highlight the important ecological consequences of browning. These range from transparency-induced increases in thermal stratification and oxygen (O2) depletion to changes in pelagic food web structure and alteration of the important role of inland waters in the global carbon cycle. However, multi-decadal studies that document the net ecological consequences of long-term browning are lacking. Here we show that browning over a 27 year period in two lakes of differing transparency resulted in fundamental changes in vertical habitat gradients and food web structure, and that these responses were stronger in the more transparent lake. Surface water temperatures increased by 2-3 °C in both lakes in the absence of any changes in air temperature. Water transparency to ultraviolet (UV) radiation showed a fivefold decrease in the more transparent lake. The primary zooplankton grazers decreased, and in the more transparent lake were largely replaced by a two trophic level zooplankton community. These findings provide new insights into the net effects of the complex and contrasting mechanisms that underlie the ecosystem consequences of browning.
TL;DR: An overview of some recent studies making use of MSC-seeded 3D scaffold systems for bone tissue engineering has been presented, and the emphasis has been placed on the reported scaffold properties that tend to improve MSCs adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation outcomes.
Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the subject of many studies in recent years, ranging from basic science that looks into MSCs properties to studies that aim for developing bioengineered tissues and organs. Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been the focus of most studies due to the inherent potential of these cells to differentiate into various cell types. Although, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of cellular differentiation. These cells are another attractive stem cell source because of their ability to be reprogramed, allowing the generation of multiple cell types from a single cell. This paper briefly covers various types of stem cell sources that have been used for tissue engineering applications, with a focus on bone regeneration. Then, an overview of some recent studies making use of MSC-seeded 3D scaffold systems for bone tissue engineering has been presented. The emphasis has been placed on the reported scaffold properties that tend to improve MSCs adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation outcomes.
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether local religiosity matters for risk-taking by banks and found that banks in more religious areas exhibit lower stock return volatility, lower tail risk, and lower idiosyncratic risk.
TL;DR: The authors found that women's lack of interest in conflict and power-related activities mediates the relationship between gender and political ambition, and that framing a political career as fulfilling communal goals, and not power related goals, reduced the ambition gap between men and women.
Abstract: We provide a novel approach to understanding the political ambition gap between men and women by examining perceptions of the role of politician. Across three studies, we find that political careers are viewed as fulfilling power-related goals, such as self-promotion and competition. We connect these goals to a tolerance for interpersonal conflict and both of these factors to political ambition. Women's lack of interest in conflict and power-related activities mediates the relationship between gender and political ambition. In an experiment, we show that framing a political career as fulfilling communal goals—and not power-related goals—reduces the ambition gap.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide theory and experimental evidence that CAM disclosures, under certain conditions, reduce auditor liability judgments as jurors perceive that undetected fraudulent misstatements were more foreseeable to the plaintiff (i.e., the financial statement user suing the auditor).
Abstract: Audit practitioners, academics, and attorneys have expressed concern that disclosing critical audit matters (CAMs) will increase jurors' auditor liability judgments when auditors fail to detect misstatements. In contrast, this study provides theory and experimental evidence that CAM disclosures, under certain conditions, reduce auditor liability judgments as jurors perceive that undetected fraudulent misstatements were more foreseeable to the plaintiff (i.e., the financial statement user suing the auditor). However, we find that CAM disclosures only reduce auditor liability for undetected misstatements that, absent CAM disclosure, are relatively difficult to foresee. Finally, CAM disclosures that are unrelated to subsequent misstatements neither increase nor reduce auditor liability judgments relative to the current regime (i.e., where CAMs are not disclosed), but reduce liability judgments relative to reporting that there were no CAMs. As such, we find that, relative to stating there were no CA...
TL;DR: Bhattacharya et al. as discussed by the authors explored the strategies transgender college students use to navigate gender-dichotomous collegiate environments, highlighting the pervasive intersections of participants' various social identities as well as speaking to the importance of developing kinship networks among transgender students as a strategy to remain resilient and successful in college.
Abstract: This article explores the strategies transgender college students use to navigate gender-dichotomous collegiate environments. Using a critical collaborative ethnographic methodology (Bhattacharya, 2008), this 18-month ethnographic study alongside 9 transgender students elucidated how gender operates as a discourse to regulate the collegiate life as well as the various spaces through which the participants traversed. Study data also highlight the pervasive intersections of participants’ various social identities as well as speak to the importance of developing kinship networks among transgender students as a strategy to remain resilient and successful in college.
TL;DR: A comparative analysis of the occurrences and internal structures of these sedimentary melanges at a global scale with a focus on the Circum-Mediterranean, Appalachian and Circum Pacific regions is presented in this paper.
TL;DR: Genome reconstruction indicates a heterotrophic lifestyle with conspicuous nutritional deficiencies, suggesting the need for metabolic complementarity with other microbes, and co-occurrence patterns identifies a number of putative partners, including an uncultured Armatimonadetes lineage.
Abstract: Analysis of the increasing wealth of metagenomic data collected from diverse environments can lead to the discovery of novel branches on the tree of life. Here we analyse 5.2 Tb of metagenomic data collected globally to discover a novel bacterial phylum ('Candidatus Kryptonia') found exclusively in high-temperature pH-neutral geothermal springs. This lineage had remained hidden as a taxonomic 'blind spot' because of mismatches in the primers commonly used for ribosomal gene surveys. Genome reconstruction from metagenomic data combined with single-cell genomics results in several high-quality genomes representing four genera from the new phylum. Metabolic reconstruction indicates a heterotrophic lifestyle with conspicuous nutritional deficiencies, suggesting the need for metabolic complementarity with other microbes. Co-occurrence patterns identifies a number of putative partners, including an uncultured Armatimonadetes lineage. The discovery of Kryptonia within previously studied geothermal springs underscores the importance of globally sampled metagenomic data in detection of microbial novelty, and highlights the extraordinary diversity of microbial life still awaiting discovery.
TL;DR: The impacts of the Internet on CRM are assessed in detail and the relationship between CRM and other E-commerce applications, including ERP, SCM and Data Warehousing, indicates the role of CRM in the E- commerce arena.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the application of the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in New Economy, which is characterized by the advancement in the information technology. The impacts of the Internet on CRM are assessed in detail in order to reveal the new opportunities and challenges related to CRM in the business settings. In addition, this paper addresses the relationship between CRM and other E-commerce applications, including ERP, SCM and Data Warehousing. Such addresses indicate the role of CRM in the E-commerce arena. Based on the analysis, CRM's future implications in the Internet era to be discussed.
TL;DR: This paper found that firms with a taste for gambling tend to be more innovative, i.e., they spend more on R&D, and obtain more and better quality patents, supported by several robustness checks, tests to mitigate identification concerns, and analyses of several secondary implications.
TL;DR: The thiol–Michael reaction is demonstrated to be thermally responsive and dynamic, and the potential for the thiol-Michael adducts to be used in dynamic covalent chemistry is demonstrated.
Abstract: The thiol–Michael adduct is used as a thermoresponsive dynamic cross-linker in polymeric materials. Recently, the thiol–Michael reaction between thiols and conjugated alkenes has been used as a ligation reaction for polymer synthesis and functionalization. Here, the thiol–Michael reaction is demonstrated to be thermally responsive and dynamic. Small molecule model experiments demonstrate the potential for the thiol–Michael adducts to be used in dynamic covalent chemistry. Thiol–acrylate adducts are incorporated into a cross-linker to form a soft polymeric material. These thiol–Michael cross-linked materials display healing after being cut and malleability characteristics at 90 °C. Additionally, the data suggest that there is limited creep and stress relaxation at room temperature with complete recovery of creep once the strain is removed. These thiol–Michael cross-linked polymers show dynamic properties upon thermal stimulus, with long-term stability against mechanical deformation in the absence of this s...
TL;DR: It is concluded that basic data on body size, water temperature, trophic guild, and vertebrate classification are sufficient to make general estimates of nutrient excretion rates for any animal taxon or aquatic ecosystem, Nonetheless, dramatic interspecific variation in size-scaling coefficients and counter-intuitive patterns with respect to diet and body composition underscore the need for field data on consumption and egestion rates.
Abstract: The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) and ecological stoichiometry (ES) are both prominent frameworks for understanding energy and nutrient budgets of organisms. We tested their separate and joint power to predict nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretion rates of ectothermic aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate animals (10,534 observations worldwide). MTE variables (body size, temperature) performed better than ES variables (trophic guild, vertebrate classification, body N:P) in predicting excretion rates, but the best models included variables from both frameworks. Size scaling coefficients were significantly lower than predicted by MTE (<0.75), were lower for P than N, and varied greatly among species. Contrary to expectations under ES, vertebrates excreted both N and P at higher rates than invertebrates despite having more nutrient-rich bodies, and primary consumers excreted as much nutrients as carnivores despite having nutrient-poor diets. Accounting for body N:P hardly improved upon predictions from treating vertebrate classification categorically. We conclude that basic data on body size, water temperature, trophic guild, and vertebrate classification are sufficient to make general estimates of nutrient excretion rates for any animal taxon or aquatic ecosystem. Nonetheless, dramatic interspecific variation in size-scaling coefficients and counter-intuitive patterns with respect to diet and body composition underscore the need for field data on consumption and egestion rates. Together, MTE and ES provide a powerful conceptual basis for interpreting and predicting nutrient recycling rates of aquatic animals worldwide.
TL;DR: Reflection on two decades of work on gender in physics education research as discussed by the authors, which synthesizes past results and argues for new lenses on women in physics, can be found here.
Abstract: Reflection on two decades of work on gender in physics education research, which synthesizes past results and argues for new lenses on gender in physics.
TL;DR: Modifying the siloxane-PU fouling-release coatings with a small amount of phenylmethyl silicone oil resulted in improved performance in several laboratory biological assays and in long-term field immersion assessments.
Abstract: The effect of incorporation of silicone oils into a siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release coatings system was explored. Incorporation of phenylmethyl silicone oil has been shown to improve the fouling-release performance of silicone-based fouling-release coatings through increased interfacial slippage. The extent of improvement is highly dependent upon the type and composition of silicone oil used. The siloxane-polyurethane (SiPU) coating system is a tough fouling-release solution, which combines the mechanical durability of polyurethane while maintaining comparable fouling-release performance with regard to commercial standards. To further improve the fouling-release performance of the siloxane-PU coating system, the use of phenylmethyl silicones oils was studied. Coatings formulations were prepared incorporating phenylmethyl silicone oils having a range of compositions and viscosities. Contact angle and surface energy measurements were conducted to evaluate the surface wettability of the coatings. X-ray...
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the business group literature and presented a future research agenda, highlighting their implications for international strategy, identifying theoretical tensions and empirical ambiguities around three key business group features (corporate governance, internal markets and corporate strategy) and three key outcome variables (performance, economic impact, and innovation).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used estimates of pre-collisional crustal thickness and convergence history derived from plate kinematic models to calculate the crustal mass balance in the India-Asia collisional system.
Abstract: Continental crust is buoyant compared with its oceanic counterpart and resists subduction into the mantle. When two continents collide, the mass balance for the continental crust is therefore assumed to be maintained. Here we use estimates of pre-collisional crustal thickness and convergence history derived from plate kinematic models to calculate the crustal mass balance in the India–Asia collisional system. Using the current best estimates for the timing of the diachronous onset of collision between India and Eurasia, we find that about 50% of the pre-collisional continental crustal mass cannot be accounted for in the crustal reservoir preserved at Earth’s surface today—represented by the mass preserved in the thickened crust that makes up the Himalaya, Tibet and much of adjacent Asia, as well as southeast Asian tectonic escape and exported eroded sediments. This implies large-scale subduction of continental crust during the collision, with a mass equivalent to about 15% of the total oceanic crustal subduction flux since 56 million years ago. We suggest that similar contamination of the mantle by direct input of radiogenic continental crustal materials during past continent–continent collisions is reflected in some ocean crust and ocean island basalt geochemistry. The subduction of continental crust may therefore contribute significantly to the evolution of mantle geochemistry. Buoyant continental crust is thought to resist subduction. Calculation of the crustal mass balance during the collision between India and Eurasia indicates that about 50% of pre-collisional continental crust has been subducted into the mantle.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of molecular weight of network precursor on properties of solid-state polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) comprised of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) prepolymer, succinonitrile (SCN) plasticizer, and lithium bis (trifluoromethane sulphonyl) imide (LiTFSI) salt using two different PEGDA molecular weights.
TL;DR: The authors examined the influence of sell-side financial analysts on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and found that firms with greater analyst coverage tend to be less socially responsible, using a difference-in-differences (DiD) technique.
TL;DR: This research aims to compare SCR with ERP in terms of their evolution, application and functionality, investigate their relationship, and explore their potential system integration.
Abstract: Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of optimizing a company's internal practices and improving the interaction with its suppliers and customers. The philosophy of SCM is to have the right product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time, and in the right condition. The major business value of an enterprise resources planning (ERP) system lies in its ability to integrate information across an organization and to model and automate its fundamental processes. ERP systems improve the efficiency of management decisions and operation plans and increase the flexibility with adjustments of functionality to react to changes in business needs. This research aims to compare SCR with ERP in terms of their evolution, application and functionality, investigate their relationship, and explore their potential system integration. This study is concluded with the future implications of SCM and EPR systems and the industrial trend toward their integration.