University of Jena

About: University of Jena is a education organization based out in Jena, Thüringen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Population. The organization has 22198 authors who have published 45159 publications receiving 1401514 citations. The organization is also known as: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena & Friedrich Schiller University Jena.

Creating and maintaining purpose in life in old age: A meta-analysis

Abstract: Purpose in life is a defining feature of mental health. In old age, maintaining high levels of purpose in life may become more difficult, due to increasing losses (e.g., widowhood, retirement). Meta-analysis was used to synthesize findings from 70 studies on purpose in life in middle age and old age. We found a small age-associated decline of purpose in life, which was stronger in older age-groups. Purpose in life showed a strong association with social integration, and with relational quality in particular. In addition, high purpose in life was related to better health, higher everyday competence, higher socioeconomic status, being employed, and being married. Furthermore, strong associations with psychological well-being and low levels of depressive symptoms were found. We conclude that relying on sources that have low or even no age-associated decline, such as social integration and previous attainments, counteract strong declines of purpose in life in old age.

Delineating hydrological response units by geographical information system analyses for regional hydrological modelling using PRMS/MMS in the drainage basin of the River Bröl, Germany

Abstract: A modified concept of hydrological response units (HRUs) for regional modelling of river basins using the PRMS/ MMS model is presented. The HRUs are delineated by geographical information system (GIS) analysis from physiographic basin properties such as topography, soils, geology, rainfall and land use using a thorough hydrological systems analysis. The HRUs, once classified by GIS analysis, preserve the three-dimensional heterogeneity of the drainage basin. The River Brol basin (A = 216km 2 ), Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Germany was selected to apply the concept. In total, 23 HRUs were delineated and tested with the PRMS/MMS model using a 20-year hydrometeorological daily database. The hydrological systems analysis revealed that interflow is the dominant flow process through the basin's slopes and the major contribution to groundwater recharge and river runoff. This was accounted for by parameterizing the HRUs in the model control file to drain their surplus water not used for satisfying the demand of evapotranspiration to a common conceptual subsurface storage. This storage was simulated by interflow drainage to the groundwater aquifer in the valley floor, which in turn drained to the channel network. The PRMS/MMS model simulated the observed daily discharge very well and the fit was described by a daily correlation coefficient of r = 0.91. The NASIM and HSPF models using different means to represent the basin's physiographic heterogeneity were applied to the Brol basin as well, but did not achieve this correlation. The HRU concept was found to be a reliable method for regional hydrological basin modelling and allows spatial up- and downscaling. Future research on this concept will focus on incorporating the variable precipitation distribution into the classification of HRUs and on the hydrodynamic routing of the modelled discharge. Additionally, satellite imagery must be used for classifying land use in macroscale drainage basins.

Maximum kick from nonspinning black-hole binary inspiral.

Abstract: When unequal-mass black holes merge, the final black hole receives a kick due to the asymmetric loss of linear momentum in the gravitational radiation emitted during the merger. The magnitude of this kick has important astrophysical consequences. Recent breakthroughs in numerical relativity allow us to perform the largest parameter study undertaken to date in numerical simulations of binary black-hole inspirals. We study nonspinning black-hole binaries with mass ratios from q=M1/M2=1 to q=0.25 (η=q/(1+q)2 from 0.25 to 0.16). We accurately calculate the velocity of the kick to within 6%, and the final spin of the black holes to within 2%. A maximum kick of 175.2±11 km s-1 is achieved for η=0.195±0.005.