University of Jena

About: University of Jena is a education organization based out in Jena, Thüringen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Population. The organization has 22198 authors who have published 45159 publications receiving 1401514 citations. The organization is also known as: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena & Friedrich Schiller University Jena.

DNMT and HDAC inhibitors induce cryptic transcription start sites encoded in long terminal repeats.

Abstract: Several mechanisms of action have been proposed for DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors (DNMTi and HDACi), primarily based on candidate-gene approaches. However, less is known about their genome-wide transcriptional and epigenomic consequences. By mapping global transcription start site (TSS) and chromatin dynamics, we observed the cryptic transcription of thousands of treatment-induced non-annotated TSSs (TINATs) following DNMTi and HDACi treatment. The resulting transcripts frequently splice into protein-coding exons and encode truncated or chimeric ORFs translated into products with predicted abnormal or immunogenic functions. TINAT transcription after DNMTi treatment coincided with DNA hypomethylation and gain of classical promoter histone marks, while HDACi specifically induced a subset of TINATs in association with H2AK9ac, H3K14ac, and H3K23ac. Despite this mechanistic difference, both inhibitors convergently induced transcription from identical sites, as we found TINATs to be encoded in solitary long terminal repeats of the ERV9/LTR12 family, which are epigenetically repressed in virtually all normal cells.

Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: a comparison with pharmacotherapy.

Abstract: The efficacy of (cognitive) behavioral therapy ([C]BT) for generalized anxiety disorder was investigated and compared with the efficacy of pharmacological therapy using meta-analytic techniques. A total of 65 (C)BT studies and pharmacological studies were included. (C)BT was more effective than control conditions. The results of the comparison between (C)BT and pharmacotherapy varied according to the meta-analytic methods used. Conclusions about differences in efficacy between therapy approaches are limited when all available studies are included owing to a number of factors that influence effect sizes. When only those studies that directly compared both therapies were included in the analysis, there were no significant differences in efficacy. Attrition rates were lower for (C)BT, indicating that it is better tolerated by patients.

Entrepreneurship in a regional context: historical roots, recent developments and future challenges

Abstract: Fritsch M. and Storey D. J. Entrepreneurship in a regional context: historical roots, recent developments and future challenges, Regional Studies. This paper reviews research on regional new business formation published in four special issues of Regional Studies over a period of 30 years. It is observed that over those decades there has been a heightened recognition of the role of both formal institutions and ‘soft’ factors such as social capital and a culture of entrepreneurship. However, the core challenge is to explain why, in several high-income countries, despite these claimed cultural changes, the relative position of regions with regard to new business formation exhibits little or no variation over long periods of time.

Preserving accuracy in GenBank

Abstract: GenBank, the public repository for nucleotide and protein sequences, is a critical resource for molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and ecology. While some attention has been drawn to sequence errors ([1][1]), common annotation errors also reduce the value of this database. In fact, for

Embodied Presence in Virtual Environments

Abstract: Presence, the sense of being in a virtual environment (VE), is analysed in an embodied cognition framework. We propose that VEs are mentally represented as meshed sets of patterns of actions and that presence is experienced when these actions include the perceived possibility to navigate and move the own body in the VE. A factor analyses of survey data shows 3 different presence components: spatial presence, involvement, and judgement of realness. A path analysis shows that spatial presence is mostly determined by sources of meshed patterns of actions: interaction with the VE, understanding of dynamics, and perception of dramatic meaning.