University of Tabriz

About: University of Tabriz is a education organization based out in Tabriz, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Nanocomposite. The organization has 12141 authors who have published 20976 publications receiving 313982 citations.

An update to DNA ladder assay for apoptosis detection

Abstract: Introduction: A growing interest in apoptosis, programmed cell death, in the last years is observed and leads to better understanding of molecular mechanisms during cell–cell signaling, cell-environment interaction and screening of drugs. This in turn results in emerging of new assays and development of more accurate kits for fast and early detection of apoptosis. However, their sensitivity and reliability have often been scrutinized. Here we introduce a rapid and improved method of DNA ladder apoptosis assay for evaluating apoptosis in mammalian cells. Methods: NIH-3T3 cell line was used in this study. After treatment of cells with apoptotic agent, 500 µM H2O2 at 48 hours, DNA was extracted. Then an update protocol of DNA ladder assay was applied for detection of apoptosis. Flow cytometry and DAPI staining were performed to verify apoptosis. Results: Primary and late apoptosis in the H2O2-treated cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis. DAPI Staining used to show DNA damage and DNA ladder assay using 1.5% gel electrophoresis showed fragmentation in the DNA of treated cells. Conclusion: In this research we aimed to improve DNA ladder assay to the high quality detection of apoptosis in mammalian cells. In our strategy, employing a practical DNA extraction protocol, DNA ladder assay could be applied as an easy/fast method for apoptosis detection. This improved method is able to detect apoptosis in a cost effective/timely manner without need for commercial kits and special equipment.

Extendable Nonisolated High Gain DC–DC Converter Based on Active–Passive Inductor Cells

Abstract: In this paper, a new nonisolated high step-up dc–dc converter is proposed. Active–passive inductor cells (APICs) are used to extend the topology. The ability to achieve high gains is the main merit of the proposed topology. The proposed converter operates based on parallel charging and series discharging of the inductors. The converter also achieves high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty cycle and low voltage and current stress on the power switches and diodes. The proposed converter is analyzed in operation modes. The main parameters of the converter such as voltage gain, voltage stress of semiconductor devices are calculated to compare with other structures. Considering the output voltage ripple and filter size, the proposed converter is designed. Moreover, the losses and efficiency of the converter are calculated. The performance of the proposed converter is validated by experimental results.