Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

About: Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences is a education organization based out in Wrocław, Poland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & GNSS applications. The organization has 3108 authors who have published 6672 publications receiving 57774 citations.

Synthesis of piperitone-derived halogenated lactones and their effect on aphid probing, feeding, and settling behavior{{

Abstract: Five racemic and five enantiomeric pairs of new halolactones with the p-menthane system were obtained in two or three step synthesis from racemic and optically active cis- and trans-piperitols. The key steps of the syntheses were the Claisen-Johnson rearrangement of piperitols to γ,δ-unsaturated esters and haloloctonization of γ,δ-unsaturated esters or acids. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic and crystallographic data. Antifeedant activity of all iodo-, bromo- and chlorolactones and racemic piperitone against Myzus persicae was examinated. The effect of these compounds on probing, feeding, and settling behavior of M. persicae in vivo was studied.

Rock-type control of Ni, Cr, and Co phytoavailability in ultramafic soils

Abstract: Ultramafic soils constitute an extreme environment for plants because of specific physico-chemical properties and the presence of Ni, Cr, and Co. We hypothesized that type of ultramafic parent rock depending on their origin affects the composition of soils and plants. Therefore, phytoavailability of metals would be higher in soil derived from serpentinized peridotite compared to serpentinite because of differences in susceptibility of minerals to weathering. Based on DTPA-CaCl2 extractions, we noted that soil derived from the serpentinized peridotite is characterized by a higher phytoavailability of Ni compared to soil derived from the serpentinite. On the contrary, plant species growing on soil derived from the serpentinite contain higher concentrations of metals. Our study suggests that the metal uptake by plants is controlled by the mineral composition of parent rocks, which results from both their original magmatic composition and later metamorphic processes. Chemical extractions show that the phytoavailability of Ni and Co is higher in soil derived from the serpentinized peridotite than the serpentinite. Surprisingly, plants growing on the soil derived from the serpentinite contain higher levels of metals compared to these from the serpentinized peridotite derived soil. This contrasting behavior is due to higher abundances of Ca and Mg, not only Ni and Co, in soil derived from the serpentinized peridotite as compared to those in the soil derived from the serpentinite. Calcium and Mg are favored by plants and preferably fill the available sites, resulting in low Ni and Co intake despite their higher abundances.

Characterization of fermentation of waste wheat-rye bread mashes with the addition of complex enzymatic preparations.

Abstract: There were prepared mashes from wheat-rye bread residues at concentration of 32% (w/w). In a control sample amylolytic enzymes were used (α-amylase and glucoamylase). Studied samples were prepared using complex enzymatic preparations Cremix 2XL and Ceremix 6X MG containing proteases and enzymes degrading non-starch polysaccharides. Mashes were inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red yeast and subjected to the fermentation. The addition of complex preparations led to shortening the fermentation time to 72 h in comparison to control sample (93 h). Initial glucose concentration was similar in all samples, while the addition of Ceremix preparations increased the concentration of maltose and maltotriose in obtained mashes. In fermentation media prepared with supportive enzymes carbohydrates were consumed by yeast at a higher rate. Highest glycerol concentration was formed in fermentation feed prepared with Ceremix 6X MG (8.01 gL−1). Acetic acid concentration was similar in all samples during the fermentation (ca. 0.5 gL−1), while most of succinic acid was formed in the control media (2.11 gL−1 after 69 h of process). The most advantageous physiological condition of yeast biomass after fermentation process featured the media prepared with Ceremix 6X MG (75.35% of budding cells, 5,88% inactive cells). The addition of Ceremix 2XL and Ceremix 6X MG preparations resulted in significant increase in ethanol yield in wheat-rye bread mashes (35.53 and 36,60 g ethanol per 100 g of bread dry matter respectively) in comparison to control sample (35.24 g ethanol per 100 g of bread dry matter).