Showing papers in "Antiviral Research in 2020"

TL;DR: Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2 h post infection able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48 h.

TL;DR: A peculiar furin-like cleavage site is identified in the Spike protein of the 2019-nCoV, lacking in the other SARS-like CoVs, and its potential implication in the development of antivirals is discussed.

TL;DR: In vitro antiviral effect of compounds that were previously reported to inhibit coronavirus replication and compounds that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 patients are evaluated.

TL;DR: The role of the CoV spike protein in mediating fusion of the viral and host cell membranes is reviewed, summarizing the results of research on SARS- CoV, MERS-CoV, and recent peer-reviewed studies of SARS -CoV-2, and it is suggested that the fusion mechanism be investigated as a potential antiviral target.

TL;DR: The scientific community should consider the possible benefit of chloroquine, a broadly used antimalarial drug, in the treatment of patients infected by the novel emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).

TL;DR: Preliminary data concerning the potential activity of type 1 interferons on SARS-CoV-2, and the relevance of evaluating these molecules in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 are discussed.

TL;DR: The sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to recombinant human interferons α and β (IFNα/β) is reported and the potential efficacy of human Type I IFN in suppressing Sars- CoV- 2 infection is demonstrated, which could inform future treatment options for COVID-19.

TL;DR: Integrin may act as an alternative receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and could be implicated in its transmission and pathology and should be tested experimentally.

TL;DR: A promising NA candidate is mapped to the nucleoside active site of SARS-CoV RdRp and ExoN proteins, identifying the residues important for nucleotide recognition, discrimination, and excision, and Interestingly, GS-441524 addresses both enzyme active sites in a manner consistent with significant incorporation, delayed chain termination, and altered excision due to the ribose 1'-CN group, which may account for the increased antiviral effect.

TL;DR: It is shown here that ivermectin's broad spectrum antiviral activity relates to its ability to target the host importin (IMP) α/β1 nuclear transport proteins responsible for nuclear entry of cargoes such as integrase and NS5.

TL;DR: Use of a surface plasmon resonance direct binding assay and unbiased computational ligand docking indicates that heparan sulfate interacts with the GAG-binding motif at the S1/S2 site on each monomer interface in the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 SGP, and at another site when the receptor-binding domain is in an open conformation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that virus infection seems to occur with a similar incidence in men and women among French blood donors, but that blood group O persons are less at risk of being infected and not only of suffering from severe clinical presentations, as previously suggested.

TL;DR: An update on the current knowledge of HBV biology and its life cycle is provided, which may help to identify new antiviral targets.

TL;DR: This study identified six SARS-CoV RBD-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) that cross-reacted with Sars- CoV-2 RBD, two of which, 18F3 and 7B11, neutralized SARS -CoV- 2 infection.

TL;DR: In vitro antiviral activities of a shortlist of compounds, known for their cellular broad-spectrum activities, together with drugs that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials for COVID-19 patients were evaluated.

TL;DR: Evaluation of a library of nucleoside triphosphate analogues with a variety of structural and chemical features as inhibitors of the RdRps of SARS-CoV to evaluate whether they can evade the viral exonuclease activity.

TL;DR: Overall, in the 2017-18 period the frequency of circulating influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to NAIs or baloxavir was low, but continued monitoring is important.

TL;DR: The state of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying cccDNA formation and regulation is summarized, and the possible strategies that may contribute to the eradication of HBV through targeting ccc DNA are discussed.

TL;DR: The interruption of interaction between CypA and N protein by CsA and its derivatives suggest a mechanism how CypA inhibitors suppress viral replication.

TL;DR: It is concluded that close monitoring of the electrocardiographic/QT interval should be advised in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients under remdesivir medication, in particular individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.

TL;DR: This review article highlights the recent research progress on the structure and function of core protein in HBV replication cycle, the mode of action of CpAMs, as well as the current status and perspectives on the discovery and development of coreprotein-targeting antivirals.

TL;DR: Cytomegalovirus drug resistance mutation maps are updated with recent information for polymerase inhibitors, the terminase inhibitor letermovir and the UL97 kinase inhibitor maribavir.

TL;DR: A novel coumarin derivative (C3007) was designed and synthesized for evaluating its in vitro and in vivo anti-SVCV effects and it was determined that up to 25 mg/L C3007 significantly decreased SVCV protein gene expression levels in EPC cells by a maximum inhibitory rate of >95%.

TL;DR: T therapeutic antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from hyperimmune equine plasma and the efficacy of the RBD in triggering antibody response in vivo was tested in both mice and equines, and the results showed that the R BD triggered high-titer neutralizing antibody production in vivo.

TL;DR: The current understanding of IAV M2 structure and function, mechanisms of inhibition, the rise of drug resistance mutations, and ongoing efforts to develop new antivirals that target resistant forms of M2 are reviewed.

TL;DR: The first structure of MERS PLpro in complex with the full-length human ISG15 is determined to a resolution of 2.3 Å and mutant enzymes will provide new functional tools for delineating the importance of DUB versus deISG activity in virus-infected cells.

TL;DR: The results showed that myricetin possessed anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activities with very low toxicity, superior to the effects of acyclovir, and has potential to be developed into a novel anti- HSV agent targeting both virus gD protein and cellular EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway.

TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to characterize the resistance profile of a large cohort of patients failing DAA-based treatments, and investigate the relationship between HCV subtype and failure, as an aid to optimizing management of these patients.

TL;DR: The mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance/exhaustion of adaptive immunity in the context of chronic HBV infection and the interaction of HBV with cells of the innate immune system are discussed and concepts for the heterogeneity of responses in chronically infected patients are proposed.