Showing papers in "Experimental Neurology in 2015"

TL;DR: Current evidence regarding the role of NO in the regulation of cerebral blood flow at rest, under physiological conditions, and after brain injury is summarized, focusing on subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and ischaemic stroke and following cardiac arrest.

TL;DR: The CP/CSF, the third circulation, performs many functions comparable to the kidney including nourishing the brain and contributing to a stable internal milieu for the brain.

TL;DR: This review article discusses vascular dementia, its risk factors, induced cognitive disability, various animal (rodent) models of VaD, pathology, and mechanisms, and treatment options.

TL;DR: The evidence of long-lasting effects of ELS on mental health and behavior is summarized and common and distinct epigenetic effects of stress exposure at different stages during development are highlighted.

TL;DR: Clinical support for this CP-CSF model comes from neurosurgical procedures to remove lateral ventricle CPs in hydrocephalic children to reduce CSF formation, thereby relieving elevated ICP and multiple transport and secretory functions in CP support CSF homeostasis and fluid dynamics essential for brain function.

TL;DR: This review serves to highlight the versatile roles of these small RNA molecules in normal brain development and their association with neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular, two closely related neuropsychiatric disorders of neuro developmental origin, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

TL;DR: The ability of TDP-43 to promote CD14-mediated activation of microglial NF-κB and AP-1 pathways, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggests the involvement of a non-cell autonomous proinflammatory signaling that enhances motoneuron injury, and may offer novel therapeutic targets in ALS.

TL;DR: A reliable, reproducible model of stroke with low mortality in aged (18month) male mice and a strong positive correlation between favorable neurological outcomes after dMCAO and MBP levels or the number of M2 microglia/macrophages is discovered.

TL;DR: An in depth discussion on the impact of CSPGs in normal and pathological CNS is provided and the recent preclinical therapies that have been developed to target C SPGs in the injured CNS are reviewed.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that post-treatment with miR-181a antagomir has neuroprotective effects against ischemic neuronal damage and neurological impairment in mice, and the protection is long lasting including recovery of motor function and coordination over one month.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented supporting the association of miRNA with hippocampal mitochondria, as well as changes in mitochondria-associated miRNA expression following a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in rats, that propose that mitochondria -associated miRNAs may play an important role in regulating the response to TBI.

TL;DR: It is suggested that increasing plasticity by manipulation of perineuronal nets offers a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of memory loss in neurodegenerative disorders.

TL;DR: An overview of the major causes of demyelination and oligodendrocyte cell death following acute brain injuries are provided, and the crosstalk between myelin, axons, microglia, and astrocytes during the process of demYelination is discussed to provide novel therapeutic targets to restore white matter integrity and improve long-term neurological recovery in stroke or TBI patients.

TL;DR: It is concluded that electrical stimulation of chronically axotomized motor and sensory neurons is effective in accelerating axon outgrowth into chronically denervated nerve stumps and improving target reinnervation after delayed nerve repair.

TL;DR: The role of all the identified PG family members (CS, HS, HEP, DS, KS and HA) in normal CNS function and in the context of pathology are discussed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that intranasal administration of BMSC is an effective treatment for ICH, and that it enhanced neuroregenerative effects and promoted neurological functional recovery after ICH.

TL;DR: Electrophysiological abnormalities found in iPSC-derived human motor neurons suggest that these cells are hyperexcitable and have altered sodium and calcium channel kinetics, which may provide a new therapeutic target for this group of heterogeneous inherited neuropathies.

TL;DR: Animal and clinical studies indicate that exposure to general anesthetics may affect CNS development, resulting in long-lasting cognitive and behavioral deficiencies, such as learning and memory deficits, as well as abnormalities in social memory and social activity.

TL;DR: It is shown that the endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in animal models of Parkinson's disease, and the level of dysregulation between the models themselves is revealed, indicating that targeting the CB2 receptor may represent a viable target for anti-inflammatory disease modification in Parkinson's Disease.

TL;DR: Results indicate that PTEN deletion in adult mice shortly post-SCI can enhance regenerative growth of CST axons and forelimb motor function recovery.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the role of Haplns in the formation and control of two distinct types of perineuronal matrices, one for "classical" PNN and the other for the specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) at the node of Ranvier in the central nervous system (CNS).

TL;DR: The data indicate that age is an important factor that regulates SCI inflammation and recovery even to mild-moderate injury, and alterations in macrophage activation states may contribute to recovery and the M2b phenotype is identified as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

TL;DR: Evidence for the role of epigenetics in neuroplasticity and the implications for stroke recovery are discussed.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates that pharmacological Nrf2-ARE induction is capable of neuroprotective efficacy when administered after TBI, and demonstrates a clinically relevant therapeutic window for this approach.

TL;DR: The results suggest that intravenously delivered MSCs have important effects on reducing BSCB leakage which could contribute to their therapeutic efficacy.

TL;DR: This paper showed attenuated GDNF signaling in neurons deficient in ganglio-series gangliosides, and restoration of such signaling with LIGA20, a membrane permeable analog of GM1.

TL;DR: The results reveal that while many feel that large animal and primate models of SCI are valuable in the testing of novel therapies, important questions remain unanswered about how they should be used and how data derived from them should be interpreted.

TL;DR: It is found that pathologically prolonged SDs are a required mechanism of acute cortical lesion development and that glutamate elevations and the mass electrochemical changes of SD and are merely different facets of the same pathophysiologic process.

TL;DR: Light is shed on exploiting these ischemic conditioning modalities to protect the cerebrovascular system against diverse injuries and neurodegenerative disorders and on defining optimal timing to achieve the best conditioning induced neuroprotection.

TL;DR: The expression level of PDGFRβ may be a crucial determinant of fibrosis after ischemic stroke, as it participates in the production of fibronectin and collagen type I after isChemic stroke.