Showing papers in "Hepatology in 2015"

TL;DR: NAFLD patients have increased risk of death, with a high risk ofdeath from cardiovascular disease and liver‐related disease, and the NAS was not able to predict overall mortality, whereas fibrosis stage predicted both overall and disease‐specific mortality.

TL;DR: It is calculated that HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide, comprising 83.4 million cases (46.2% of all HCV cases), approximately one‐third of which are in East Asia.

TL;DR: The goal of the hepatitis C guidance is to provide upto-date recommendations for HCV care practitioners on the optimal screening, management, and treatment for adults with HCV infection in the United States, using a rigorous review process to evaluate the best available evidence.

TL;DR: Mechanisms that link inflammation with the development of liver fibrosis are reviewed, focusing on the role of inflammatory mediators in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and HSC survival during fibrogenesis and fibrosis regression.

TL;DR: A 12‐week regimen of DCV plus SOF achieved SVR12 in 96% of patients with genotype 3 infection without cirrhosis and was well tolerated; there were no adverse events leading to discontinuation and only 1 serious AE on‐treatment, which was unrelated to study medications.

TL;DR: NAFLD is becoming a major cause of HCC in the United States and is associated with shorter survival time, more advanced tumor stage, and lower possibility of receiving a LT.

TL;DR: Assessment of ACLF patients at 3‐7 days of the syndrome provides a tool to define the emergency of LT and a rational basis for intensive care discontinuation owing to futility.

TL;DR: The results indicate a deceleration in the incidence of HCC around 2006, and for the first time in four decades, there is no increase in IB mortality and incidence rates for HCC in the U.S. population.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that reduced ability to export VLDLs is deleterious for the liver, and carriers of the TM6SF2 E167K variant are more susceptible to progressive NASH, but are protected against cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: Initial discordance of LI‐RADS with American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Organ Procurement Transplant Network guidelines is focused on, and how they are being addressed going forward to optimize reporting of CT and MRI findings in patients at risk for HCC.

TL;DR: The meta‐analysis suggests that APRI and FIB‐4 can identify hepatitis B‐related fibrosis with a moderate sensitivity and accuracy.

TL;DR: HBV and HCV are predominant causes of HCC in virtually all world areas, with a growing fraction of H CC cases in several countries attributable to HCV.

TL;DR: The number of US residents who have been infected with hepatitis C is unknown but is probably at least 4.6 million, although additional sources of potential underestimation suggest that the true prevalence could well be higher.

TL;DR: The authors showed that increased hypoxia after sorafenib treatment promotes immunosuppression, characterized by increased intratumoral expression of the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and accumulation of Tregulatory cells and M2-type macrophages.

TL;DR: Successful downstaging of HCC to within T2 criteria was associated with a low rate of H CC recurrence and excellent post‐transplant survival, comparable to those meeting T2 criterion without downstaged.

TL;DR: It is shown that NETs form in the sinusoids of ischemic liver lobes in vivo and inhibition of NET formation is found by the peptidyl‐arginine‐deiminase 4 inhibitor and that DNase I reduces High Mobility Group Box 1 and histone‐mediated liver I/R injury.

TL;DR: In patients with cirrhosis, the development of PVT is associated with the severity of Liver disease at baseline, but does not follow a recent progression of liver disease.

TL;DR: A validated signature of 36 DNA methylation markers accurately predicts poor survival in patients with HCC, and patients with this methylation profile harbor messenger RNA–based signatures indicating tumors with progenitor cell features.

TL;DR: Restoration of LSEC differentiation in vivo promotes HSC quiescence, enhances regression of fibrosis, and prevents progression of cirrhosis.

TL;DR: These data provide the first direct evidence that physiological expression of PNPLA3 148M variant causes NAFLD, and that the accumulation of catalytically inactive PnPLA3 on the surfaces of lipid droplets is associated with the accumulations of TG in the liver.

TL;DR: The study suggests that selection criteria for resection may be modestly expanded without compromising outcomes, and that some nonideal candidates may still potentially benefit from resection over other treatment modalities.

TL;DR: This trial demonstrates the application of colocalization of MRI‐PDFF‐derived fat maps and magnetic resonance elastography‐derived stiffness maps of the liver before and after treatment to noninvasively assess treatment response in NASH.

TL;DR: CSPH (evaluated by any method) significantly increases the risk of 3‐ and 5‐year mortality and of clinical decompensation after surgery for HCC.

TL;DR: There is an urgent need to develop methods to identify the populations at particular risk of disease progression and validate endpoints that reflect meaningful changes in health status in this population.

TL;DR: The current state of science in HBV therapy is reviewed and new and exciting therapeutic strategies spurred by recent scientific advances are highlighted, bringing us closer to the possibility of a functional cure of chronic HBV infection.

TL;DR: The viral proteins targeted by HCV direct‐acting antivirals are discussed and clinically relevant resistance data for compounds that have been approved or are currently in phase 3 clinical trials are summarized.

TL;DR: Hepatic induction of tissue‐protective immunological tolerance against particulate antigens is dependent on KCs as well as on a noninflamed liver microenvironment, thereby providing mechanistic explanations for the clinical observation of immune dysfunction and tolerance break in patients with advanced liver diseases.

TL;DR: Tepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a serious complication of cirrhosis, is associated with high mortality without treatment and midodrine and octreotide plus albumin are used as an alternative treatment of HRS.

TL;DR: A post‐hoc analysis of data from seven clinical trials suggests that 12 weeks of LDV‐SOF is safe and effective for treatment‐naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 and compensated cirrhosis.

TL;DR: RVI is a noninvasive radiogenomic biomarker that accurately predicts histological MVI in HCC surgical candidates and may be useful for identifying patients less likely to derive a durable benefit from surgical treatment.