Showing papers in "Neurobiology of Aging in 2011"

TL;DR: A power analysis revealed that FDG-ROI values have greater statistical power than ADAS-cog to detect attenuation of cognitive decline in AD and MCI patients.

TL;DR: In summary, both SPARE-AD and CSF biomarkers showed high baseline sensitivity, however, many MCI-NC had abnormal baseline Spatial Pattern of Abnormalities for Recognition of Early AD and CSFs, and longer follow-up will elucidate the specificity of baseline measurements.

TL;DR: Age effects on 17 different neuroanatomical structures and total brain volume across five samples and the strongest and most consistent effects were found for cerebral cortex, pallidum, putamen and accumbens volume.

TL;DR: This work delineates empirically testable mechanisms of action for genes underlying FAD and LOAD and provides "upstream" treatment targets and reframes key observations such as axonal transport disruptions, formation of axonal swellings/sphenoids and neuritic plaques, and proteinaceous deposits as by-products of homeostatic myelin repair processes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors revisited the hypothesis that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their receptor RAGE may play an important role in disease pathogenesis by influencing transport of β-amyloid into the brain or by manipulating inflammatory mechanisms.

TL;DR: It is shown that physical activity conveys the beneficial effects on memory function independently of its intensity, possibly mediated by local gray matter volume and neurotrophic factors.

TL;DR: Results were congruent with the previous meta-analytic findings indicating that carriers of ApoE allele 4 (ɛ4) perform significantly worse on measures of episodic memory, executive functioning, and overall global cognitive ability and indicate that increases in age result in significantly larger differences.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that pioglitazone exhibited cognitive and functional improvements, and stabilization of the disease in diabetic patients with AD, and may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of AD.

TL;DR: Case-control studies of diffusion tensor imaging in patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are reviewed to establish the relative severity and location of white matter microstructural changes.

TL;DR: The history and medical applications of methylene blue are reviewed, with emphasis on recent developments, as a potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: The results suggest that FKN/CX(3)CR1 signaling has a regulatory role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis via mechanisms that involve indirect modification of the niche environment.

TL;DR: Sex-specific relationships between normal, age-related depletion of androgens and estrogens in men and women, which may be relevant to development of AD, are demonstrated.

TL;DR: For any given level of cognitive function, those with higher reserve had more pathology in the form of WMH, suggesting that they are better able to cope with pathology than those with lower reserve.

TL;DR: Because of their reach across the genome, epigenetic mechanisms may provide a unique integrative framework for the pathologic diversity and complexity of AD.

TL;DR: It is found that Jacob, a messenger that can couple extrasynaptic NMDA-receptor activity to CREB dephosphorylation, accumulates in the nucleus after Aβ oligomer administration and that the nuclear accumulation of Jacob can be blocked by a simultaneous application of ifenprodil.

TL;DR: Assessment of atrophy patterns in posterior cortical atrophy in PCA and tAD revealed thinner cortex predominantly in the right superior parietal lobe in the PCA group compared with tAD, whereas the tAD group showed thinning in the left entorhinal cortex compared with PCA.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the ALS mutations in FUS NLS can impair FUS nuclear localization, induce cytoplasmic inclusions and stress granules, and potentially perturb RNA metabolism.

TL;DR: TBSS is a promising method in examining the degeneration of neurofiber tracts in MCI and AD patients by analyzing diffusion tensor imaging data using the Tract-Based Spatial Statistics, and demonstrated the significant decrease on FA values in AD patients relative to controls whereas FA values of MCI patients were found in between the controls andAD patients.

TL;DR: Support for the efficacy of exercise is extended to the potential maintenance of medial temporal lobe integrity in older adults after significant age-related atrophy was observed for older adults who engage in low levels of exercise, but not for those who engaged in high levels of Exercise.

TL;DR: Data is presented suggesting that aberrant changes in methylation of the Arc gene may be responsible for age-related decreases in Arc transcription within CA1 and the DG, and these subregion-specific epigenetic and transcriptional changes may result in less efficient memory storage and retrieval during aging.

TL;DR: Results support dedifferentiation in aging across memory systems as young adults demonstrated significant negative correlations between activity in the striatum and MTL during both the EL and IL tasks.

TL;DR: Left medial temporal lobe atrophy is the most consistent neurostructural biomarker to predict conversion from aMCI to AD, located in the left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that abrogation of CypD results in persistent life-long protection against Aβ toxicity in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model, thereby suggesting that blockade of Cyp D may be of benefit for Alzheimer disease treatment.

TL;DR: A novel microfluidic culture chamber is used to demonstrate a BDNF retrograde signaling deficit in AD transgenic mouse neurons that can be reversed by γ-secretase inhibitors and shows that BDNF-mediated TrkB retrograde trafficking is impaired in Tg2576 axons.

TL;DR: The findings implicate astrocyte dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative pathology in the aging brain, and provide a basis for future candidate studies based on specific pathways.

TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship between GM volumes and age specifically during non-elderly life in 89 healthy individuals found that age-related dorsolateral prefrontal volume decrements followed non-linear patterns, and were less prominent in females compared to males at this age range.

TL;DR: Cognitive impairments for the senile dementia are probably related to endogenous formaldehyde levels; and the mini mental state examination scores referred to the evaluation of urine formaldehyde level in dementia patients may be used as a non-invasive method for the investigation and diagnosis ofSenile dementia.

TL;DR: It is shown that Aβ is present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as several shorter isoforms in addition to Aβ1-40 and A β1-42, which suggests the existence of a third and previously unknown APP processing pathway involving concerted cleavages of APP by α- and β-secretase.

TL;DR: While wild type EAAT2 showed a global reduction in expression, brain regions susceptible to neuronal loss demonstrated greater expression of transcripts that reduced glutamate transport in an in vitro assay, which has implications for the treatment of AD as modulators ofEAAT2 splicing and/or glutamate uptake would augment current therapies aimed at blocking glutamate receptors.

TL;DR: Results suggest that HOMA-IR in middle-aged individuals at risk for AD may be biomarker for dementia risk.