Showing papers in "Schizophrenia Research in 2015"

TL;DR: Neuroinflammation is associated with white matter pathology in people with schizophrenia, and may contribute to structural and functional disconnectivity, even at the first episode of psychosis.

TL;DR: Results show the ability of CBD to counteract psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with cannabis use as well as with acute THC administration, and the potential of CBD as an effective, safe and well-tolerated antipsychotic compound, although large randomised clinical trials will be needed before this novel therapy can be introduced into clinical practice.

TL;DR: The post-mortem and animal studies are consistent with the neuroimaging finding of increased hippocampal activity in schizophrenia, which can explain some of the psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits, and may guide the development of biomarkers and theDevelopment of new treatments for psychosis.

TL;DR: Evidence that schizophrenia is associated with a reduction in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function is reviewed to provide evidence for preferential disruption of GABAergic circuits in the context of NMDAR hypo-activity states.

TL;DR: Current evidence for the multifaceted role of glial cells in schizophrenia is described and efforts to develop glia-directed therapies for the treatment of the disease are discussed.

TL;DR: The meta-analytic results illustrate that childhood trauma is highly prevalent among UHR subjects and that children at Ultra High Risk of developing a psychotic disorder are related to UHR status, in line with studies on childhood trauma in psychotic populations.

TL;DR: It is suggested that treatments aimed at cognition may not affect social functioning as much as other aspects of disability, a finding consistent with earlier research on the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates that MMN and P3a ERP biomarkers can be feasibly used in multi-site clinical studies and contributes to demographic factors contribute to MMN-P3a amplitudes and should be carefully considered in future biomarker-informed clinical studies.

TL;DR: Cognitive remediation trials in early schizophrenia are reviewed to determine its efficacy on global cognition, functioning and symptoms and theoretical considerations and trials in chronic schizophrenia suggest that targeting social cognition might also enhance its efficacy.

TL;DR: The positive effects of tDCS on cognitive performance suggest a potential efficacious treatment for cognitive deficits in partially recovered chronic schizophrenia outpatients that should be further investigated.

TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper found that age, gender, education level, and scale of residence area had significant effects on the normative data for MCCB in China, which are comparable to those found for the original standardized English version in the U.S. and the Spanish version in Spain.

TL;DR: A laboratory effort-based decision-making task in a sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls is used to examine allocation of effort in exchange for varying levels of monetary reward, providing further evidence for a selective deficit in the ability of schizophrenia patients to utilize environmental cues to guide reward-seeking behavior.

TL;DR: A state-of-the-art review of structural connectivity abnormalities detected in schizophrenia is provided and the most relevant findings at preclinical, first episode drug-naïve, and chronic stages are discussed.

TL;DR: Evidence for PNN abnormalities in schizophrenia, the potential functional impact of such abnormalities on inhibitory circuits and, in turn, cognitive and emotion processing are discussed, and the physiological process of PNN remodeling may be disrupted in schizophrenia as a result of interactions between matrix remodeling processes and immune system dysregulation are speculated.

TL;DR: In conclusion, brexpiprazole 4 mg is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for acute schizophrenia in adults.

TL;DR: This is the first quantitative domain-by-domain social cognitive meta-analysis regarding CHR individuals and indicated that individuals at CHR exhibited significant impairments in all domains of social cognition compared with healthy controls.

TL;DR: Trajectories of illness for positive and negative symptoms were heterogeneous among people with first episode psychosis and positive symptoms showed a general pattern of reduction and stabilization over time while negative symptoms typically showed less variation over the ten years.

TL;DR: Data indicate that motivational deficits are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia, even in the early stages of the illness, and these deficits stand as one of the most robust barriers to people with schizophrenia achieving functional recovery.

TL;DR: In this article, a 28-week, randomized, non-inferiority, open-label, rater-blinded, head-to-head study (QUALIFY) of aripiprazole once-monthly 400mg (AOM 400) and paliperidone palmitate oncemonthly (PP) on the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality-of-Life Scale (QLS), a validated health-related quality of life and functioning measure in schizophrenia was conducted.

TL;DR: Early negative symptoms are fairly stable during the first outpatient year, are predictors of daily functioning at 12months, and predict negative symptoms 8years later, suggesting that negative symptoms may be an important early course target for intervention aimed at promoting recovery.

TL;DR: Loneliness is common across all psychotic disorders, particularly in depressive psychosis, and is specifically associated with ongoing loss of pleasure and disordered thoughts as well as impairment in current cognitive functioning; however, poor cognitive functioning is not inevitably associated with loneliness.

TL;DR: Young people with psychotic experiences have poorer global functioning than those who do not, even when compared with other young people with psychopathology (but who does not report psychotic experiences), and should alert treating clinicians that the individual may have significantly more functional disability than suggested by the psychopathological diagnosis alone.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the association between insight and depression in schizophrenia by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 59 correlational studies and showed that global clinical insight was associated weakly but significantly with depression (effect size r=0.14), as were the insight into the mental disorder, insight into symptoms, and symptoms' attributions.

TL;DR: Evidence for GABAergic dysfunction from neuroimaging ligands to GABA receptors, magnetic resonance spectroscopy of GABA concentration, and pharmacologic probes of GABA receptors to dynamically challenge the GABA system are critically reviewed.

TL;DR: The evidence from a number of both clinically-based and post-mortem studies are outlined that provide evidence that OMR genes are genetically associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is examined, which has shown volumetric and microstructural white matter differences in patients with schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The observed time to relapse superiority of paliperidone palmitate over oral antipsychotics provides further evidence for the value of long-acting injectable antipsychotic therapies in the treatment of schizophrenia, including during the early stages of illness.

TL;DR: Both the behavioral disruptions and the changes in expression of glial markers induced by MK-801 treatment were attenuated by repeated treatment with CBD or clozapine, and the view that inhibition of microglial activation may improve schizophrenia symptoms is supported.

TL;DR: Future research should identify and address modifiable provider, insurer, and delivery system factors that contribute to poor quality of medical care among persons with SMI and examine whether adherence to clinical guidelines leads to improved health and disability outcomes in this vulnerable group.

TL;DR: It is found that chronic subjects showed a limited extent of abnormal increase in the volume of the extracellular space, suggesting a less extensive neuroinflammatory response relative to patients at the onset of schizophrenia and the effect of neurodegeneration that is worsening in the chronic phase.

TL;DR: Poorer premorbid adjustment together with socio-demographic factors and higher daily antipsychotic doses were related to a generalized cognitive impairment and to a lowerPremorbid intellectual reserve, suggesting that neurodevelopmental impairment was present before illness onset.