Showing papers in "Trends in Cell Biology in 2015"

TL;DR: The similarities and differences between these two classes of vesicle are reviewed, suggesting that, despite their considerable differences, the functions of ectosomes may be largely analogous to those of exosomes.

TL;DR: It is proposed that epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity is likely controlled by multiple varients of the core EMT program, and foresee the need to resolve the various programs and the molecular mechanisms that underlie them.

TL;DR: Recent progress in the understanding of how miRNAs mediate translational repression and mRNA decay is reviewed, and the contributions of the two silencing modes to the overall silencing effect in both kingdoms are discussed.

TL;DR: This review examines recent advances in understanding of the contribution of the TME during cancer therapy and discusses key concepts that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.

TL;DR: This work focuses on how PI3K-dependent activation of Akt and spatial regulation of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) complex ( TSC complex) switches on Rheb at the lysosome, where mTORC1 is activated.

TL;DR: Understanding how integrin expression and function is regulated in this context will enable the development of new therapeutic approaches to sensitize tumors to therapy and suppress their metastatic phenotype.

TL;DR: Recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis PtdSer exposure and the clearance of apoptotic cells are discussed.

TL;DR: The function of Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ) and their role as a signaling nexus and integrator of several other prominent signaling pathways such as the Wnt, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), epidermal growth factor (EGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor beta, and Notch pathways are discussed.

TL;DR: The evidence implicating miRNA-mediated gene regulation in the mechanisms that ensure biological robustness is reviewed and the current knowledge of miRNA biology is discussed.

TL;DR: New insights in inflammasome research are outlined and areas that warrant further exploration are discussed, some of them even challenging the existing dogma.

TL;DR: This work reviews mechanochemical and electrical inputs and multiparameter signal integration underlying collective guidance, decision making, and outcome of collective cell migration.

TL;DR: This work has shown that post-translational modifications of tubulin affect, not only the dynamics of the microtubules, but also their organization and interaction with other cellular components.

TL;DR: Fibroblasts are found in most tissues, yet they remain poorly characterised and can act both locally, via extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and via secreted factors that impact the behaviour of fibroblast in different dermal locations.

TL;DR: The current state of knowledge concerning transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post- translational regulation of autophagy in yeast and mammals is focused on.

TL;DR: The regulation and effects of R-loops in cells, their effect on genomic and epigenomic stability, and their potential contribution to the origin of diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.

TL;DR: New developments in the field of BMP and BMP antagonist biology during mammalian development are reviewed and strategies for targeting these proteins in human disease are suggested.

TL;DR: Different quality control pathways maintain mitochondria function including mitochondrial DNA replication and repair, fusion-fission dynamics, free radical scavenging, and mitophagy are reviewed and a strategy towards a treatment for these often untreatable disorders is proposed.

TL;DR: Mechanisms underpinning the commitment towards the differentiated state and its relation to the cell cycle are discussed.

TL;DR: The emerging picture of the most significant determinants of the cellular ubiquitin economy is delineated, which includes E1, E2, and E3s, which represents ∼1.3% of total cellular protein.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the multifaceted coupling of Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) proteins to membrane mechanics and propose a simple phase diagram that recapitulates the effects of these parameters.

TL;DR: Genetic rescue experiments now reveal why RIPK3-deficient mice are viable but RIPK1-deficiency mice are not, and indicate unexpected complexity in the regulation of both apoptosis and necroptosis by RIPK 1 andRIPK3.

TL;DR: This review surveys the application of SRM in elucidating the structure of macromolecules in the native cellular environment and discusses both the novel information that can be generated through SRM as well as the experimental considerations to examine while conducting such studies.

TL;DR: Evidence showing that lncRNA also controls chromatin structure, including nucleosome positioning and chromosome looping is summarized and it is proposed that the unique properties of RNA make it suitable for controlling chromatin modifications and structure.

TL;DR: A review of how tumor cell autonomous functions of autophagy broadly impact tumorigenesis are focused on.

TL;DR: This work reviews how TERRA, by regulated expression and by providing a molecular scaffold for various protein enzymes, can support a large variety of vital functions and how telomere transcription regulates chromosome-end mobility within the nucleus.

TL;DR: A rationale for PL acyl chain remodeling by acyltransferases is suggested and a molecular explanation for the importance of a balanced fatty acid diet is suggested.

TL;DR: The latest insights not only provide a striking view of the dynamics and regulation of SAC signaling events at the outer kinetochore but also create a framework for understanding how that signaling may be terminated when Kinetochores and microtubules connect.

TL;DR: How miRNA localizations and functions are regulated by protein modifications on the core miRNA-binding protein Argonaute during normal and stress conditions will be explored, and in conclusion new AGO partners, non-AGO mi RNA-binding proteins, and the emergent understanding of miRNAs found in the nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and mitochondria will be discussed.

TL;DR: Recent examples of plasticity within an individual tissue stem cell hierarchy may be much more common than previously appreciated, highlighting the different modes of regeneration and their implications for the understanding of cellular hierarchy and tissue self-renewal.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms underlying protein transport along the presequence pathway are reviewed.