A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter
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TLDR
A new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A, which consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies, may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.Abstract:
We describe a new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an important enzyme in human physiology and behavior. The polymorphism, which is located 1.2 kb upstream of the MAOA coding sequences, consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies. The polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with other MAOA and MAOB gene markers and displays significant variations in allele frequencies across ethnic groups. The polymorphism has been shown to affect the transcriptional activity of the MAOA gene promoter by gene fusion and transfection experiments involving three different cell types. Alleles with 3.5 or 4 copies of the repeat sequence are transcribed 2–10 times more efficiently than those with 3 or 5 copies of the repeat, suggesting an optimal length for the regulatory region. This promoter region polymorphism may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Association between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and personality traits in Japanese individuals.
Shoko Tsuchimine,Norio Yasui-Furukori,Ayako Kaneda,Manabu Saito,Taku Nakagami,Kimihiko Sato,Sunao Kaneko +6 more
TL;DR: The authors' results suggest a gender-specific contribution of MAOA-VNTR polymorphism to persistence scores, and suggest the association between personality traits and the central nervous system remains unclear.
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The 5HTT and MAO-A polymorphisms associate with depressive mood and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.
Elżbieta Grochans,Anna Grzywacz,Anna Jurczak,Agnieszka Samochowiec,Beata Karakiewicz,Agnieszka Brodowska,Andrzej Starczewski,Jerzy Samochowiec +7 more
TL;DR: The Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index is an instrument which can not only be used for the measurement of the severity of climacteric symptoms but also the early detection of perimenopausal women at the risk of developing depressive symptoms.
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Aggressive behavior in cattle is associated with a polymorphism in the MAOA gene promoter.
TL;DR: Molecular mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior are primitive and similar among the subphylum Vertebrata, and recent signatures of selection associated with aggressiveness at chromosome X are mapped by comparing Lidia cattle samples with two non-specialized Spanish breeds showing tamed behavior.
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Significance of Dopaminergic Gene Variants in the Male Biasness of ADHD
Aneek Das Bhowmik,Kanyakumarika Sarkar,Paramita Ghosh,Manali Das,Nipa Bhaduri,Keka Sarkar,Anirban Ray,Swagata Sinha,Kanchan Mukhopadhyay +8 more
TL;DR: Data obtained may partly answer the male biasness of ADHD, as contribution of 14 functional polymorphisms was investigated in ADHD subjects.
Book ChapterDOI
Serotonin and Aggression
TL;DR: In vivo techniques revealed a significant role of cortical 5-HT release during the termination of an aggressive confrontation and its consequences, rather than its initiation, which suggests that complex epistatic interactions may ultimately reveal strong effects on aggressive phenotypes.
References
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Association of Anxiety-Related Traits with a Polymorphism in the Serotonin Transporter Gene Regulatory Region
Klaus-Peter Lesch,D. Bengel,Armin Heils,Sue Z. Sabol,Benjamin D. Greenberg,Susanne Petri,Jonathan Benjamin,Clemens R. Müller,Dean H. Hamer,Dennis L. Murphy +9 more
TL;DR: The short variant of the polymorphism reduces the transcriptional efficiency of the 5-HTT gene promoter, resulting in decreased 5HTT expression and 5HT uptake in lymphoblasts as discussed by the authors, which is the site of action of widely used uptake-inhibiting antidepressant and antianxiety drugs.
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Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A
TL;DR: Analytical results indicate that isolated complete MAOA deficiency in this family is associated with a recognizable behavioral phenotype that includes disturbed regulation of impulsive aggression.
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Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of Novelty Seeking
Jonathan Benjamin,Lin Li,Chavis Patterson,Benjamin D. Greenberg,Dennis L. Murphy,Dean H. Hamer +5 more
TL;DR: The relationship between DADR exon III sequence variants and personality test scores in a population of 315 mostly male siblings, other family members and individuals from the United States was investigated and the association between long alleles ofExon III and personality traits related to Novelty Seeking was confirmed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aggressive Behavior and Altered Amounts of Brain Serotonin and Norepinephrine in Mice Lacking MAOA
Olivier Cases,Isabelle Seif,Joseph Grimsby,Patricia Gaspar,Kevin Chen,Sandrine Pournin,Ulrike Müller,Michel Aguet,Charles Babinet,Jean C. Shih,Edward De Maeyer +10 more
TL;DR: Pup behavioral alterations, including trembling, difficulty in righting, and fearfulness were reversed by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine, and adults manifested a distinct behavioral syndrome, including enhanced aggression in males.