A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter
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TLDR
A new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A, which consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies, may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.Abstract:
We describe a new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an important enzyme in human physiology and behavior. The polymorphism, which is located 1.2 kb upstream of the MAOA coding sequences, consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies. The polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with other MAOA and MAOB gene markers and displays significant variations in allele frequencies across ethnic groups. The polymorphism has been shown to affect the transcriptional activity of the MAOA gene promoter by gene fusion and transfection experiments involving three different cell types. Alleles with 3.5 or 4 copies of the repeat sequence are transcribed 2–10 times more efficiently than those with 3 or 5 copies of the repeat, suggesting an optimal length for the regulatory region. This promoter region polymorphism may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.read more
Citations
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Human fear conditioning is related to dopaminergic and serotonergic biological markers.
TL;DR: The findings, that D4DR exon III and 5-HTT promoter genotypes and trbc-MAO activity are related to human fear conditioning, a basic form of associative learning, are consistent with animal studies suggesting a genetic contribution to fear conditioning.
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Investigation of the functional effect of monoamine oxidase polymorphisms in human brain.
TL;DR: The results suggest that a novel functional polymorphism that affects enzyme activity in human brain may exist in MAOA, and postulate that there may be a cis-regulatory element in linkage disequilibrium with the B-SNP13 polymorphisms that alters MAOB enzyme activityIn human brain.
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Glucocorticoid and Androgen Activation of Monoamine Oxidase A Is Regulated Differently by R1 and Sp1
TL;DR: It is shown that glucocorticoid enhances monoamine oxidase A gene expression by regulation of R1 translocation, direct interaction of the glucocORTicoid receptor with the third glucoc Corticoid/androgen response element, and indirect interaction of glucoc Torticoid receptors with the Sp1 or R1 transcription factor on Sp1-binding sites of the MAO A promoter.
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Monoamine oxidase-a genetic variations influence brain activity associated with inhibitory control: new insight into the neural correlates of impulsivity.
Luca Passamonti,Francesco Fera,Angela Magariello,Antonio Cerasa,Maria Cecilia Gioia,Maria Muglia,Giuseppe Nicoletti,Olivier Gallo,Leandro Provinciali,Aldo Quattrone +9 more
TL;DR: These data suggest that a specific genetic variation involving serotonergic catabolism can modulate BOLD response associated with human impulsivity.
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MAOA Methylation is Associated with Nicotine and Alcohol Dependence in Women
TL;DR: It is concluded that methylation of MAOA may play a significant role in common psychiatric illness and that further examination of epigenetic processes at this locus is in order.
References
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Association of Anxiety-Related Traits with a Polymorphism in the Serotonin Transporter Gene Regulatory Region
Klaus-Peter Lesch,D. Bengel,Armin Heils,Sue Z. Sabol,Benjamin D. Greenberg,Susanne Petri,Jonathan Benjamin,Clemens R. Müller,Dean H. Hamer,Dennis L. Murphy +9 more
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TL;DR: The results show that considerable economy and efficiency can be brought to the mapping endeavor by resorting to appropriate strategies of detecting linkage and by constructing the human genetic map on a common reference panel of families.
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Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A
TL;DR: Analytical results indicate that isolated complete MAOA deficiency in this family is associated with a recognizable behavioral phenotype that includes disturbed regulation of impulsive aggression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of Novelty Seeking
Jonathan Benjamin,Lin Li,Chavis Patterson,Benjamin D. Greenberg,Dennis L. Murphy,Dean H. Hamer +5 more
TL;DR: The relationship between DADR exon III sequence variants and personality test scores in a population of 315 mostly male siblings, other family members and individuals from the United States was investigated and the association between long alleles ofExon III and personality traits related to Novelty Seeking was confirmed.
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Aggressive Behavior and Altered Amounts of Brain Serotonin and Norepinephrine in Mice Lacking MAOA
Olivier Cases,Isabelle Seif,Joseph Grimsby,Patricia Gaspar,Kevin Chen,Sandrine Pournin,Ulrike Müller,Michel Aguet,Charles Babinet,Jean C. Shih,Edward De Maeyer +10 more
TL;DR: Pup behavioral alterations, including trembling, difficulty in righting, and fearfulness were reversed by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine, and adults manifested a distinct behavioral syndrome, including enhanced aggression in males.