A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter
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TLDR
A new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A, which consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies, may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.Abstract:
We describe a new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an important enzyme in human physiology and behavior. The polymorphism, which is located 1.2 kb upstream of the MAOA coding sequences, consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies. The polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with other MAOA and MAOB gene markers and displays significant variations in allele frequencies across ethnic groups. The polymorphism has been shown to affect the transcriptional activity of the MAOA gene promoter by gene fusion and transfection experiments involving three different cell types. Alleles with 3.5 or 4 copies of the repeat sequence are transcribed 2–10 times more efficiently than those with 3 or 5 copies of the repeat, suggesting an optimal length for the regulatory region. This promoter region polymorphism may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.read more
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MAOA and mechanisms of panic disorder revisited: from bench to molecular psychotherapy
Andreas Reif,Jan Richter,Benjamin Straube,Michael Höfler,Ulrike Lueken,Andrew T. Gloster,Hermann Weber,Katharina Domschke,Lydia Fehm,Andreas Ströhle,Andreas Jansen,Alexander L. Gerlach,Martin Pyka,Isabelle Reinhardt,Christoph Konrad,André Wittmann,Bettina Pfleiderer,Georg W. Alpers,Paul Pauli,Thomas Lang,Volker Arolt,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Alfons O. Hamm,Tilo Kircher,Jürgen Deckert +24 more
TL;DR: It is established that a genetic risk factor for PD/AG is associated with worse response to CBT and potential underlying neural mechanisms are established, which might govern how psychotherapy can include genetic information to tailor individualized treatment approaches.
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In vitro assays fail to predict in vivo effects of regulatory polymorphisms
TL;DR: The results suggest that the functional effects of a polymorphism on gene expression may be more complicated and context dependent than is often assumed and also imply that the use of cell-based expression studies to support the role of such polymorphisms in disease etiology should be treated with caution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic and non-genetic influences on the development of co-occurring alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology in adolescence: a review.
Luca Saraceno,Marcus R. Munafò,Jon Heron,Nicholas John Craddock,Marianne Bernadette van den Bree +4 more
TL;DR: A systematic review of epidemiological and molecular genetic studies published between November 1997 and November 2007 that examined risk factors that may be shared in common between alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology in adolescence found externalizing disorders, family alcohol problems and stress have been associated most frequently with both traits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Different allele distribution of a regulatory MAOA gene promoter polymorphism in antisocial and anxious-depressive alcoholics.
Lutz G. Schmidt,Thomas Sander,S. Kuhn,Michael N. Smolka,H. Rommelspacher,Jerzy Samochowiec,Klaus-Peter Lesch +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the 3-repeat allele of the MAOA polymorphism contributes modestly to the dimension of over- and underreactive behaviors as possible antecedents of alcoholism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association analysis between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter and severe mood disorders.
Blanca Gutiérrez,Bárbara Arias,Cristóbal Gastó,Rosa Catalán,Sergi Papiol,Luis Pintor,Lourdes Fañanás +6 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that MAOA gene variation may modulate the expression of some clinical aspects of severe mood disorders, especially in females, and support the existence of a genetic and aetiologic heterogeneity underlying the diagnoses of bipolar disorder and major depression.
References
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Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of Novelty Seeking
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Aggressive Behavior and Altered Amounts of Brain Serotonin and Norepinephrine in Mice Lacking MAOA
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