A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter
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TLDR
A new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A, which consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies, may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.Abstract:
We describe a new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an important enzyme in human physiology and behavior. The polymorphism, which is located 1.2 kb upstream of the MAOA coding sequences, consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies. The polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with other MAOA and MAOB gene markers and displays significant variations in allele frequencies across ethnic groups. The polymorphism has been shown to affect the transcriptional activity of the MAOA gene promoter by gene fusion and transfection experiments involving three different cell types. Alleles with 3.5 or 4 copies of the repeat sequence are transcribed 2–10 times more efficiently than those with 3 or 5 copies of the repeat, suggesting an optimal length for the regulatory region. This promoter region polymorphism may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for a Sex-Dependent MAOA× Childhood Stress Interaction in the Neural Circuitry of Aggression
Nathalie E. Holz,Regina Boecker,Arlette F. Buchmann,Dorothea Blomeyer,Sarah Baumeister,Sarah Hohmann,Christine Jennen-Steinmetz,Isabella Wolf,Marcella Rietschel,Stephanie H. Witt,Michael M. Plichta,Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg,Martin H. Schmidt,Günter Esser,Tobias Banaschewski,Daniel Brandeis,Manfred Laucht +16 more
TL;DR: The results point to a moderating role of sex in the MAOA× CLS interaction for intermediate phenotypes of emotional and inhibitory processing, suggesting a possible mechanism in conferring susceptibility to violence-related disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional polymorphisms in dopamine and serotonin pathway genes.
Ursula M. D'Souza,Ian W. Craig +1 more
TL;DR: These findings have contributed to a greater understanding of the plausible molecular mechanisms that underpin the functional significance of polymorphisms in monoamine neurotransmitter pathway genes, and how they may influence behavioral phenotypes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural mechanisms of anger regulation as a function of genetic risk for violence.
Nelly Alia-Klein,Rita Z. Goldstein,Dardo Tomasi,Patricia A. Woicik,Scott J. Moeller,Benjamin Williams,Ian W. Craig,Frank Telang,Anat Biegon,Gene-Jack Wang,Joanna S. Fowler,Nora D. Volkow +11 more
TL;DR: Vulnerability to aggression in carriers of the low-MAOA genotype is supported by decreased middle frontal response to No and the unique amygdala/thalamus association pattern in this group with anger reactivity but not anger control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modulation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) expression in neuropsychiatric disorders: genetic and environmental factors involved in type A MAO expression
TL;DR: Results suggest that each MAO subtype exerts effects that modulate the expression and activity of the other isoenzyme, and the roles of MAO-A and -B in the CNS should be re-evaluated with respect to the “type-specificity” of their inhibitors, which may not be unconditional during chronic treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Associations between polymorphisms in dopamine neurotransmitter pathway genes and pain response in healthy humans.
Roi Treister,Dorit Pud,Richard P. Ebstein,Efrat Laiba,Edith Gershon,May Haddad,Elon Eisenberg +6 more
TL;DR: Low dopaminergic activity can be associated with high pain sensitivity and vice versa, according to the known function of the investigated candidate gene polymorphisms.
References
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Aggressive Behavior and Altered Amounts of Brain Serotonin and Norepinephrine in Mice Lacking MAOA
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