A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter
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TLDR
A new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A, which consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies, may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.Abstract:
We describe a new polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an important enzyme in human physiology and behavior. The polymorphism, which is located 1.2 kb upstream of the MAOA coding sequences, consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies. The polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with other MAOA and MAOB gene markers and displays significant variations in allele frequencies across ethnic groups. The polymorphism has been shown to affect the transcriptional activity of the MAOA gene promoter by gene fusion and transfection experiments involving three different cell types. Alleles with 3.5 or 4 copies of the repeat sequence are transcribed 2–10 times more efficiently than those with 3 or 5 copies of the repeat, suggesting an optimal length for the regulatory region. This promoter region polymorphism may be useful as both a functional and an anonymous genetic marker for MAOA.read more
Citations
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Genetic and epigenetic associations of MAOA and NR3C1 with depression and childhood adversities.
Philippe A. Melas,Ya Bin Wei,Ya Bin Wei,Chloe C. Y. Wong,Louise K. Sjöholm,Louise K. Sjöholm,Elin Åberg,Elin Åberg,Jonathan Mill,Martin Schalling,Martin Schalling,Yvonne Forsell,Catharina Lavebratt,Catharina Lavebratt +13 more
TL;DR: Depression in females may result from a gene × childhood-adversity interaction and/or a dysregulated epigenetic programming of MAOA, and childhood- adversity subtypes may differentially impact DNA methylation at NR3C1; baseline MAOA-genotypic variations may affect the extent of NR 3C1 methylation.
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Correlated genotypes in friendship networks
TL;DR: The results suggest that association tests should include friends’ genes and that theories of evolution should take into account the fact that humans might, in some sense, be metagenomic with respect to the humans around them.
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Association between monoamine oxidase A activity in human male skin fibroblasts and genotype of the MAOA promoter-associated variable number tandem repeat.
TL;DR: The uVNTR genotype may be a common genetic determinant of significant individual differences in oxidizing capacity for critical MAO-A substrates, which include serotonin, norepinephrine, and tyramine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of a regulatory polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A gene with antisocial alcoholism.
Jerzy Samochowiec,Klaus-Peter Lesch,Matthias Rottmann,Michael N. Smolka,Yana V. Syagailo,Olga Okladnova,Hans Rommelspacher,Georg Winterer,Lutz G. Schmidt,Thomas Sander,Thomas Sander +10 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the low-activity 3-repeat allele of the MAOA promoter polymorphism confers increased susceptibility to antisocial behavior rather than alcohol dependence per se in alcohol-dependent males.
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Is there a genetic contribution to cultural differences? Collectivism, individualism and genetic markers of social sensitivity
TL;DR: The relationship between allele frequency and depression was partially mediated by individualism-collectivism, suggesting that reduced levels of depression in populations with a high proportion of social sensitivity alleles is due to greater collectivism.
References
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Association of Anxiety-Related Traits with a Polymorphism in the Serotonin Transporter Gene Regulatory Region
Klaus-Peter Lesch,D. Bengel,Armin Heils,Sue Z. Sabol,Benjamin D. Greenberg,Susanne Petri,Jonathan Benjamin,Clemens R. Müller,Dean H. Hamer,Dennis L. Murphy +9 more
TL;DR: The short variant of the polymorphism reduces the transcriptional efficiency of the 5-HTT gene promoter, resulting in decreased 5HTT expression and 5HT uptake in lymphoblasts as discussed by the authors, which is the site of action of widely used uptake-inhibiting antidepressant and antianxiety drugs.
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Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A
TL;DR: Analytical results indicate that isolated complete MAOA deficiency in this family is associated with a recognizable behavioral phenotype that includes disturbed regulation of impulsive aggression.
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Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of Novelty Seeking
Jonathan Benjamin,Lin Li,Chavis Patterson,Benjamin D. Greenberg,Dennis L. Murphy,Dean H. Hamer +5 more
TL;DR: The relationship between DADR exon III sequence variants and personality test scores in a population of 315 mostly male siblings, other family members and individuals from the United States was investigated and the association between long alleles ofExon III and personality traits related to Novelty Seeking was confirmed.
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Aggressive Behavior and Altered Amounts of Brain Serotonin and Norepinephrine in Mice Lacking MAOA
Olivier Cases,Isabelle Seif,Joseph Grimsby,Patricia Gaspar,Kevin Chen,Sandrine Pournin,Ulrike Müller,Michel Aguet,Charles Babinet,Jean C. Shih,Edward De Maeyer +10 more
TL;DR: Pup behavioral alterations, including trembling, difficulty in righting, and fearfulness were reversed by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine, and adults manifested a distinct behavioral syndrome, including enhanced aggression in males.