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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

A side effect resource to capture phenotypic effects of drugs

TLDR
A public, computer‐readable side effect resource (SIDER) that connects 888 drugs to 1450 side effect terms and contains information on frequency in patients for one‐third of the drug–side effect pairs is developed.
Abstract
The molecular understanding of phenotypes caused by drugs in humans is essential for elucidating mechanisms of action and for developing personalized medicines. Side effects of drugs (also known as adverse drug reactions) are an important source of human phenotypic information, but so far research on this topic has been hampered by insufficient accessibility of data. Consequently, we have developed a public, computer-readable side effect resource (SIDER) that connects 888 drugs to 1450 side effect terms. It contains information on frequency in patients for one-third of the drug–side effect pairs. For 199 drugs, the side effect frequency of placebo administration could also be extracted. We illustrate the potential of SIDER with a number of analyses. The resource is freely available for academic research at http://sideeffects.embl.de.

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Network Medicine: A Network-Based Approach to Human Disease

TL;DR: Advances in this direction are essential for identifying new disease genes, for uncovering the biological significance of disease-associated mutations identified by genome-wide association studies and full-genome sequencing, and for identifying drug targets and biomarkers for complex diseases.
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The SIDER database of drugs and side effects

TL;DR: The SIDER (‘Side Effect Resource’, http://sideeffects.embl.de) database of drugs and ADRs contains a data set of drug indications, extracted from the package inserts using Natural Language Processing, used to reduce the rate of false positives by identifying medical terms that do not correspond to ADRs.
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Structure and dynamics of molecular networks: A novel paradigm of drug discovery: A comprehensive review

TL;DR: It is shown how network techniques can help in the identification of single-target, edgetic, multi-target and allo-network drug target candidates and an optimized protocol of network-aided drug development is suggested, and a list of systems-level hallmarks of drug quality is provided.
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Large-scale prediction and testing of drug activity on side-effect targets

TL;DR: An association metric is developed to prioritize those new off-targets that explained side effects better than any known target of a given drug, creating a drug–target–adverse drug reaction network and may have wide application to de-risking toxicological liabilities in drug discovery.
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PREDICT: a method for inferring novel drug indications with application to personalized medicine.

TL;DR: A novel method for the large‐scale prediction of drug indications (PREDICT) that can handle both approved drugs and novel molecules and lays the computational foundation for future personalized drug treatments, where gene expression signatures from individual patients would replace the disease‐specific signatures.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information

TL;DR: In addition to maintaining the GenBank(R) nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides data analysis and retrieval resources for the data in GenBank and other biological data made available through NCBI’s website.
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Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs

TL;DR: Repositioning existing drugs for new indications could deliver the productivity increases that the industry needs while shifting the locus of production to biotechnology companies.
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DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets

TL;DR: The latest version of DrugBank (release 2.0) has been expanded significantly over the previous release and contains 60% more FDA-approved small molecule and biotech drugs including 10% more ‘experimental’ drugs.
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BindingDB: a web-accessible database of experimentally determined protein–ligand binding affinities

TL;DR: BindingDB is a publicly accessible database currently containing ∼20 000 experimentally determined binding affinities of protein–ligand complexes, for 110 protein targets including isoforms and mutational variants, and ∼11‬000 small molecule ligands.
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Drug Target Identification Using Side-Effect Similarity

TL;DR: Applied to 746 marketed drugs, a network of 1018 side effect–driven drug-drug relations became apparent, 261 of which are formed by chemically dissimilar drugs from different therapeutic indications, hinting at new uses of marketed drugs.
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