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A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies: management strategies and economic impact

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TLDR
There is evidence that salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies can be prevented or symptoms be minimized to some degree, depending on the type of cancer treatment.
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess the literature for management strategies and economic impact of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies and to determine the quality of evidence-based management recommendations. The electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE were searched for articles published in English since the 1989 NIH Development Consensus Conference on the Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies until 2008 inclusive. For each article, two independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, study population, interventions, outcome measures, results, and conclusions. Seventy-two interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. In addition, 49 intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) studies were included as a management strategy aiming for less salivary gland damage. Management guideline recommendations were drawn up for IMRT, amifostine, muscarinic agonist stimulation, oral mucosal lubricants, acupuncture, and submandibular gland transfer. There is evidence that salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies can be prevented or symptoms be minimized to some degree, depending on the type of cancer treatment. Management guideline recommendations are provided for IMRT, amifostine, muscarinic agonist stimulation, oral mucosal lubricants, acupuncture, and submandibular gland transfer. Fields of sparse literature identified included effects of gustatory and masticatory stimulation, specific oral mucosal lubricant formulas, submandibular gland transfer, acupuncture, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, management strategies in pediatric cancer populations, and the economic consequences of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia.

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Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies.

TL;DR: There is no strong evidence from this review that any topical therapy is effective for relieving the symptom of dry mouth, and both integrated mouthcare systems and oral reservoir devices show promising results but there is insufficient evidence at present to recommend their use.
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Treatment of late sequelae after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

TL;DR: The available evidence on the use of different therapeutic strategies to alleviate common late sequelae of RT in head and neck cancer patients is reviewed, with a focus on the critical assessment of the treatment options for xerostomia, dysphagia, mandibular osteoradionecrosis, trismus, and hearing loss.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Quality of life, mucositis, and xerostomia from radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: a report from the NCIC CTG HN2 randomized trial of an antimicrobial lozenge to prevent mucositis.

TL;DR: The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group undertook a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind controlled trial of an oral antimicrobial versus placebo to prevent and treat mucositis, and the quality of life (QOL) analysis is presented.
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Long-term follow-up of patients treated with acupuncture for xerostomia and the influence of additional treatment.

TL;DR: This study shows that acupuncture treatment results in statistically significant improvements in SFR in patients with xerostomia up to 6 months and suggests that additional acupuncture therapy can maintain this improvement in S FR for up to 3 years.
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Initial experience using intensity-modulated radiotherapy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

TL;DR: The improvement in tumor target coverage and significant sparing of adjacent critical structures allow the feasibility of IMRT as a retreatment option for recurrent NPC after initial conventional RT to be considered.
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Oral pilocarpine for radiation-induced xerostomia: integrated efficacy and safety results from two prospective randomized clinical trials

TL;DR: It is concluded that in these studies pilocarpine produced clinically significant benefits with acceptable side effects and risks for the treatment of symptomatic postradiation xerostomia.
Journal ArticleDOI

Concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locoregionally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a retrospective review of laryngeal/hypopharygeal carcinomas treated with concurrent chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
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