Journal ArticleDOI
Adipogenesis: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte
Qi Qun Tang,M. Daniel Lane +1 more
TLDR
The rise in adipocyte number is triggered by signaling factors that induce conversion of mesenchymal stem cells to preadipocytes that differentiate into adipocytes, which promotes adipocyte hyperplasia and adiposity.Abstract:
Excessive caloric intake without a rise in energy expenditure promotes adipocyte hyperplasia and adiposity. The rise in adipocyte number is triggered by signaling factors that induce conversion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to preadipocytes that differentiate into adipocytes. MSCs, which are recruited from the vascular stroma of adipose tissue, provide an unlimited supply of adipocyte precursors. Members of the BMP and Wnt families are key mediators of stem cell commitment to produce preadipocytes. Following commitment, exposure of growtharrested preadipocytes to differentiation inducers [insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), glucocorticoid, and cyclic AMP (cAMP)] triggers DNA replication and reentry into the cell cycle (mitotic clonal expansion). Mitotic clonal expansion involves a transcription factor cascade, followed by the expression of adipocyte genes. Critical to these events are phosphorylations of the transcription factor CCATT enhancerbinding protein β (C/EBPβ) by MAP kinase and GSK3β to produce a conformational change that gives rise to DNA-binding activity. “Activated” C/EBPβ then triggers transcription of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ )a nd C/EBPα ,w hich in turn coordinately activate genes whose expression produces the adipocyte phenotype.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells: adipocytes or osteoblasts?
Qing Chen,Qing Chen,Peishun Shou,C Zheng,M Jiang,G Cao,Q Yang,J Cao,N Xie,Tania Velletri,X Zhang,Chunliang Xu,L Zhang,Huilin Yang,J Hou,Ying Wang,Yufang Shi +16 more
TL;DR: External factors and their signaling processes dictating the reciprocal regulation between adipocytes and osteoblasts during MSC differentiation and the ultimate control of the adipo-osteogenic balance are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications
Michele Longo,Federica Zatterale,Federica Zatterale,Jamal Naderi,Jamal Naderi,Luca Parrillo,Luca Parrillo,Pietro Formisano,Pietro Formisano,Gregory Alexander Raciti,Gregory Alexander Raciti,Francesco Beguinot,Francesco Beguinot,Claudia Miele,Claudia Miele +14 more
TL;DR: A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue expansion in obesity is required for the development of future therapeutic approaches in obesity-associated metabolic complications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms and Metabolic Implications of Regional Differences among Fat Depots
Tamara Tchkonia,Thomas Thomou,Yi Zhu,Iordanes Karagiannides,Charalabos Pothoulakis,Michael D. Jensen,James L. Kirkland +6 more
TL;DR: Fat distribution is closely linked to metabolic disease risk, and whether fat redistribution causes metabolic disease or whether it is a marker of underlying processes that are primarily responsible is an open question.
Journal ArticleDOI
PPARγ and the global map of adipogenesis and beyond
TL;DR: It is now clear that multiple TFs team up to induce PPARγ during adipogenesis, and that other TFs cooperate withPPARγ to ensure adipocyte-specific genomic binding and function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of the Extracellular Matrix and Its Molecular and Cellular Regulators in Cancer Cell Plasticity.
Valentina Poltavets,Marina Kochetkova,Stuart M. Pitson,Stuart M. Pitson,Michael S. Samuel,Michael S. Samuel +5 more
TL;DR: It is postulate that a comprehensive understanding of this dynamic system will be required to fully exploit opportunities for targeting the ECM regulators of cancer cell plasticity.
References
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