Journal ArticleDOI
Antioxidative effects of melatonin in protection against cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation.
TLDR
The radioprotective effects of melatonin against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress and its low toxicity make this molecule a potential supplement in the treatment or co-treatment in situations where the effects of ionizing radiation are to be minimized.Abstract:
Ionizing radiation is classified as a potent carcinogen, and its injury to living cells is, to a large extent, due to oxidative stress. The molecule most often reported to be damaged by ionizing radiation is DNA. Hydroxyl radicals (*OH), considered the most damaging of all free radicals generated in organisms, are often responsible for DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a well-known antioxidant that protects DNA, lipids, and proteins from free-radical damage. The indoleamine manifests its antioxidative properties by stimulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes and scavenging free radicals directly or indirectly. Among known antioxidants, melatonin is a highly effective scavenger of *OH. Melatonin is distributed ubiquitously in organisms and, as far as is known, in all cellular compartments, and it quickly passes through all biological membranes. The protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress caused by ionizing radiation have been documented in in vitro and in vivo studies in different species and in in vitro experiments that used human tissues, as well as when melatonin was given to humans and then tissues collected and subjected to ionizing radiation. The radioprotective effects of melatonin against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress and its low toxicity make this molecule a potential supplement in the treatment or co-treatment in situations where the effects of ionizing radiation are to be minimized.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin.
Carmen Rodríguez,Juan C. Mayo,Rosa M. Sainz,Isaac Antolín,Federico Herrera,Vanesa Martín,Russel J. Reiter +6 more
TL;DR: This report reviews the studies which document the influence of melatonin on the activity and expression of the antioxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutases and catalase both under physiological and under conditions of elevated oxidative stress and analyses the possible mechanisms by which melatonin regulates these enzymes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melatonin as a natural ally against oxidative stress: a physicochemical examination
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the current progress in understanding the physicochemical insights related to the free radical-scavenging activity of melatonin and concludes that melatonin efficiently protects against oxidative stress by a variety of mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melatonin—A pleiotropic, orchestrating regulator molecule
Rüdiger Hardeland,Daniel P. Cardinali,Venkatramanujam Srinivasan,D. Warren Spence,Gregory M. Brown,Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal +5 more
TL;DR: Control of electron flux, prevention of bottlenecks in the respiratory chain and electron leakage contribute to the avoidance of damage by free radicals and seem to be important in neuroprotection, inflammatory diseases and, presumably, aging.
Book ChapterDOI
Melatonin: a multitasking molecule.
TL;DR: Melatonin has revealed itself as an ubiquitously distributed and functionally diverse molecule that influences the molecular physiology of cells via receptor-independent means and may well find applications in both human and veterinary medicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals
TL;DR: Results from animal experiments indicate that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and selenium compounds, are protective against lethality and other radiation effects but to a lesser degree than most synthetic protectors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
8-Hydroxyguanine, an abundant form of oxidative DNA damage, causes G----T and A----C substitutions.
TL;DR: These assays illustrate mutagenic replication of oh8Gua as template causing G----T substitutions and misincorporation of Oh8G Hua as substrate causing A----C substitutions, both caused by oh8 Gua.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA damage by oxygen-derived species Its mechanism and measurement in mammalian systems
Barry Halliwell,Okezie I. Aruoma +1 more
TL;DR: Observation of the role of different oxygen‐derived species in DNA cleavage reactions has been used to determine the extent of oxidative damage to DNA in vivo and to investigate the mechanism of DNA damage by ionizing radiation and chemical carcinogens.