Associations between plasma branched-chain amino acids, β-aminoisobutyric acid and body composition.
Annemarie Rietman,Takara L. Stanley,Clary B. Clish,Vamsi K. Mootha,Marco Mensink,Steven K. Grinspoon,Hideo Makimura +6 more
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TLDR
A possible complex role of adipose tissue in BCAA homeostasis and insulin resistance is suggested and levels of BCAA levels were positively correlated with VAT and markers of insulin resistance.Abstract:
Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are elevated in obesity and associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (B-AIBA), a recently identified small molecule metabolite, is associated with decreased cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, we investigated the association of BCAA and B-AIBA with each other and with detailed body composition parameters, including abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). A cross-sectional study was carried out with lean (n 15) and obese (n 33) men and women. Detailed metabolic evaluations, including measures of body composition, insulin sensitivity and plasma metabolomics were completed. Plasma BCAA were higher (1·6 (se 0·08) (×107) v. 1·3 (se 0·06) (×107) arbitrary units; P = 0·005) in obese v. lean subjects. BCAA were positively associated with VAT (R 0·49; P = 0·0006) and trended to an association with SAT (R 0·29; P = 0·052). The association between BCAA and VAT, but not SAT, remained significant after controlling for age, sex and race on multivariate modelling (P 0·05). Plasma B-AIBA was associated with parameters of insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index R 0·36, P = 0·01; glucose AUC: R −0·30, P = 0·04). Plasma BCAA levels were positively correlated with VAT and markers of insulin resistance. The results suggest a possible complex role of adipose tissue in BCAA homeostasis and insulin resistance.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp.
TL;DR: A novel estimate of insulin sensitivity that is simple to calculate and provides a reasonable approximation of whole-body insulin sensitivity from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Journal ArticleDOI
A Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Related Metabolic Signature that Differentiates Obese and Lean Humans and Contributes to Insulin Resistance
Christopher B. Newgard,Jie An,James R. Bain,Michael J. Muehlbauer,Robert Stevens,Lillian F. Lien,Andrea M. Haqq,Svati H. Shah,Michelle Arlotto,Cris A. Slentz,James Rochon,Dianne Gallup,Olga Ilkayeva,Brett R. Wenner,William S. Yancy,Howard Eisenson,Gerald Musante,Richard S. Surwit,David S. Millington,Mark D. Butler,Laura P. Svetkey +20 more
TL;DR: Findings show that in the context of a dietary pattern that includes high fat consumption, BCAA contributes to development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Thomas J. Wang,Martin G. Larson,Martin G. Larson,Ramachandran S. Vasan,Ramachandran S. Vasan,Susan Cheng,Susan Cheng,Susan Cheng,Eugene P. Rhee,Eugene P. Rhee,Elizabeth L. McCabe,Elizabeth L. McCabe,Gregory D. Lewis,Gregory D. Lewis,Caroline S. Fox,Caroline S. Fox,Paul F. Jacques,Céline Fernandez,Christopher J. O'Donnell,Christopher J. O'Donnell,Christopher J. O'Donnell,Stephen A Carr,Vamsi K. Mootha,Vamsi K. Mootha,Jose C. Florez,Jose C. Florez,Amanda Souza,Olle Melander,Clary B. Clish,Robert E. Gerszten,Robert E. Gerszten +30 more
TL;DR: Findings underscore the potential key role of amino acid metabolism early in the pathogenesis of diabetes and suggest that amino acid profiles could aid in diabetes risk assessment.
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