Journal ArticleDOI
Behavior of Metallic Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant
Ralf Kaegi,Andreas Voegelin,Brian Sinnet,S. Zuleeg,Harald Hagendorfer,Michael Burkhardt,Hansruedi Siegrist +6 more
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Results from batch experiments suggested that Ag-NP transformation to Ag(2)S occured in the nonaerated tank within less than 2 h, which must be considered in future risk assessments.Abstract:
We investigated the behavior of metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) in a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) fed with municipal wastewater. The treatment plant consisted of a nonaerated and an aerated tank and a secondary clarifier. The average hydraulic retention time including the secondary clarifier was 1 day and the sludge age was 14 days. Ag-NP were spiked into the nonaerated tank and samples were collected from the aerated tank and from the effluent. Ag concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were in good agreement with predictions based on mass balance considerations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that nanoscale Ag particles were sorbed to wastewater biosolids, both in the sludge and in the effluent. Freely dispersed nanoscale Ag particles were only observed in the effluent during the initial pulse spike. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements indicated that most Ag in the sludge and in the effluent was present a...read more
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The use of Bayesian networks for nanoparticle risk forecasting: Model formulation and baseline evaluation
TL;DR: The results of this study show that Bayesian networks provide a robust method for formally incorporating expert judgments into a probabilistic measure of exposure and risk to nanoparticles, particularly when other knowledge bases may be lacking.
Journal ArticleDOI
Uptake and Distribution of Silver in the Aquatic Plant Landoltia punctata (Duckweed) Exposed to Silver and Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles.
TL;DR: Measurement of the speciation and distribution of silver in Ag-NPs in an aquatic plant exposed to Ag0 or Ag2S NPs, or to AgNO3, suggests that plant defenses were active within or at the root surface when Ag was readily available to duckweed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transformation of Pristine and Citrate-Functionalized CeO2 Nanoparticles in a Laboratory-Scale Activated Sludge Reactor
Lauren E. Barton,Mélanie Auffan,Marie Bertrand,Mohamed Barakat,Catherine Santaella,Armand Masion,Daniel Borschneck,Luca Olivi,Nicolas Roche,Mark R. Wiesner,Jean-Yves Bottero +10 more
TL;DR: This study indicates that the majority of CeO2 NPs entering WWTPs will be associated with the solid phase, and a significant portion will be present as Ce(III), and at maximum, 10% of the CeO 2 will remain in the effluent and be discharged as a Ce(IV) phase, governed by cerianite (CeO2).
Journal ArticleDOI
Is there evidence for man-made nanoparticles in the Dutch environment?
Patrick S. Bäuerlein,Erik Emke,Peter C. Tromp,Jan Hofman,Andrea Carboni,Ferry Schooneman,Pim de Voogt,Annemarie P. van Wezel +7 more
TL;DR: Water samples included dune and bank filtrates, surface waters and ground waters as well as influents, effluents and sludge of sewage treatment plants (STPs), and surface waters collected near airports and harbours, and air samples included both urban and rural samples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term effects of sulfidized silver nanoparticles in sewage sludge on soil microflora.
Marco Kraas,Karsten Schlich,Burkhard Knopf,Franziska Wege,Ralf Kägi,Konstantin Terytze,Kerstin Hund-Rinke +6 more
TL;DR: Investigation of the bioavailability and long-term effects of AgNPs (spiked in a laboratory WWTP) on soil microorganisms revealed that AgnPs sulfidized under environmentally relevant conditions were still bioavailable to soil micro organisms, and Ag2 S may exhibit toxic effects over the long term rather than the short term.
References
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ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT.
Bruce Ravel,Matthew Newville +1 more
TL;DR: A software package for the analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data is presented, based on the IFEFFIT library of numerical and XAS algorithms and is written in the Perl programming language using the Perl/Tk graphics toolkit.
Journal ArticleDOI
The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles
Jose Ruben Morones,Jose Luis Elechiguerra,A. Camacho,Katherine B. Holt,Juan B. Kouri,Jose Tapia Ramirez,Miguel Jose Yacaman +6 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of approximately 1-10 nm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria
Ivan Sondi,Branka Salopek-Sondi +1 more
TL;DR: These nontoxic nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and cost-effective manner, may be suitable for the formulation of new types of bactericidal materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.
TL;DR: This is the first comparative study on the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, and the results demonstrate thatsilver nanoparticles undergo a shape-dependent interaction with the gram-negative organism E. coli.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modeled Environmental Concentrations of Engineered Nanomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullerenes) for Different Regions
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that risks to aquatic organisms may currently emanate from nano- Ag, nano-TiO(2), and nano-ZnO in sewage treatment effluents for all considered regions and for nano-Ag in surface waters.
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