Journal ArticleDOI
Behavior of Metallic Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant
Ralf Kaegi,Andreas Voegelin,Brian Sinnet,S. Zuleeg,Harald Hagendorfer,Michael Burkhardt,Hansruedi Siegrist +6 more
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Results from batch experiments suggested that Ag-NP transformation to Ag(2)S occured in the nonaerated tank within less than 2 h, which must be considered in future risk assessments.Abstract:
We investigated the behavior of metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) in a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) fed with municipal wastewater. The treatment plant consisted of a nonaerated and an aerated tank and a secondary clarifier. The average hydraulic retention time including the secondary clarifier was 1 day and the sludge age was 14 days. Ag-NP were spiked into the nonaerated tank and samples were collected from the aerated tank and from the effluent. Ag concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were in good agreement with predictions based on mass balance considerations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that nanoscale Ag particles were sorbed to wastewater biosolids, both in the sludge and in the effluent. Freely dispersed nanoscale Ag particles were only observed in the effluent during the initial pulse spike. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements indicated that most Ag in the sludge and in the effluent was present a...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous removal of nanosilver and fullerene in sequencing batch reactors for biological wastewater treatment.
TL;DR: The effect of "pulse" inputs (i.e., addition for a short period of time) of ENMs into biological reactors is illustrated, long-term capability of SBRs to remove ENMs and COD is demonstrated, and an example to predict the removal of ENm in S BRs upon batch experiments is provided.
Book ChapterDOI
Ecotoxicological Aspects of Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment
TL;DR: Nanoecotoxicology has recently emerged as a sub-discipline of ecology and specifically aims to identify and predict effects of synthetic chemi-cal pollutants on constituents of ecosystems as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Re-evaluation of stability and toxicity of silver sulfide nanoparticle in environmental water: Oxidative dissolution by manganese oxide.
En Shi,Zhenlan Xu,Xiaoxia Zhang,Xuezhi Yang,Qian Liu,Hangjun Zhang,Andreas Wimmer,Lingxiangyu Li +7 more
TL;DR: It is reported that Ag2S-NP could undergo dissolution by manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2), an important naturally occurring oxidant in the environment, even in environmental water, although the dissolved silver would probably be adsorbed onto the particles (>0.45 μm) in environmentalWater, mitigating the measurable levels of dissolved silver.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental impacts of reusable nanoscale silver-coated hospital gowns compared to single-use, disposable gowns
Andrea L. Hicks,Andrea L. Hicks,Robert B. Reed,Robert B. Reed,Thomas L. Theis,David Hanigan,David Hanigan,H. Huling,Tatiana Zaikova,James E. Hutchison,John M. Miller +10 more
TL;DR: A key finding of this work is the environmental parity (when the environmental impact of nAg and disposable gowns are equal) of a nAg-enabled gown is 12 wearings, suggesting that nAg textiles may be key in reducing the environmentalimpact of hospitals, while still preventing infection.
Book ChapterDOI
Minerals and Aqueous Species of Iron and Manganese as Reactants and Products of Microbial Metal Respiration
TL;DR: In this paper, the dependence of redox potentials on the particle size of iron oxides is quantitatively evaluated and it is shown that essentially all near-surface minerals of Fe and Mn are involved in microbial metal respiration.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT.
Bruce Ravel,Matthew Newville +1 more
TL;DR: A software package for the analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data is presented, based on the IFEFFIT library of numerical and XAS algorithms and is written in the Perl programming language using the Perl/Tk graphics toolkit.
Journal ArticleDOI
The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles
Jose Ruben Morones,Jose Luis Elechiguerra,A. Camacho,Katherine B. Holt,Juan B. Kouri,Jose Tapia Ramirez,Miguel Jose Yacaman +6 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of approximately 1-10 nm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria
Ivan Sondi,Branka Salopek-Sondi +1 more
TL;DR: These nontoxic nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and cost-effective manner, may be suitable for the formulation of new types of bactericidal materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.
TL;DR: This is the first comparative study on the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, and the results demonstrate thatsilver nanoparticles undergo a shape-dependent interaction with the gram-negative organism E. coli.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modeled Environmental Concentrations of Engineered Nanomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullerenes) for Different Regions
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that risks to aquatic organisms may currently emanate from nano- Ag, nano-TiO(2), and nano-ZnO in sewage treatment effluents for all considered regions and for nano-Ag in surface waters.
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