Journal ArticleDOI
Behavior of Metallic Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant
Ralf Kaegi,Andreas Voegelin,Brian Sinnet,S. Zuleeg,Harald Hagendorfer,Michael Burkhardt,Hansruedi Siegrist +6 more
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Results from batch experiments suggested that Ag-NP transformation to Ag(2)S occured in the nonaerated tank within less than 2 h, which must be considered in future risk assessments.Abstract:
We investigated the behavior of metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) in a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) fed with municipal wastewater. The treatment plant consisted of a nonaerated and an aerated tank and a secondary clarifier. The average hydraulic retention time including the secondary clarifier was 1 day and the sludge age was 14 days. Ag-NP were spiked into the nonaerated tank and samples were collected from the aerated tank and from the effluent. Ag concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were in good agreement with predictions based on mass balance considerations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that nanoscale Ag particles were sorbed to wastewater biosolids, both in the sludge and in the effluent. Freely dispersed nanoscale Ag particles were only observed in the effluent during the initial pulse spike. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements indicated that most Ag in the sludge and in the effluent was present a...read more
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Spot the Difference: Engineered and Natural Nanoparticles in the Environment—Release, Behavior, and Fate
TL;DR: It is the aim of this Review to critically compare naturally observed processes with those found for engineered systems to identify the "nanospecific" properties of manufactured particles and describe critical knowledge gaps relevant for the risk assessment of manufactured nanomaterials in the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cysteine-Induced Modifications of Zero-valent Silver Nanomaterials: Implications for Particle Surface Chemistry, Aggregation, Dissolution, and Silver Speciation
Andreas Gondikas,Andreas Gondikas,Amanda J. Morris,Amanda J. Morris,Brian C. Reinsch,Brian C. Reinsch,Stella M. Marinakos,Gregory V. Lowry,Gregory V. Lowry,Heileen Hsu-Kim,Heileen Hsu-Kim +10 more
TL;DR: The findings of this study demonstrate the need to consider multiple interlinked transformation processes when assessing the bioavailability, environmental risks, and safety of nanoparticles, particularly in the presence of metal-binding ligands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Humic and Fulvic Acids on Silver Nanoparticle Stability, Dissolution, and Toxicity.
TL;DR: The data suggest that the rate of AgNP aggregation and dissolution in aquatic environments containing NOM will depend on the chemical composition of the NOM, and that the toxicity of AgNPs to aquatic microorganisms is controlled primarily by the extent of nanoparticle dissolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silver nanoparticles in dye effluent treatment: A review on synthesis, treatment methods, mechanisms, photocatalytic degradation, toxic effects and mitigation of toxicity.
Sivasankari Marimuthu,Arul Jayanthi Antonisamy,Sankar Malayandi,Karthikeyan Rajendran,Pei-Chien Tsai,Arivalagan Pugazhendhi,Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy +6 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the use ofsilver nanoparticles and silver-based nanocomposites in effluent treatment and comprehends the recent research on mitigation of silver nanoparticle-induced toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioavailability of Gold Nanomaterials to Plants: Importance of Particle Size and Surface Coating
TL;DR: The results indicate that MNMs of a wide range of size and with different surface chemistries are bioavailable to plants, provide mechanistic information regarding the role of cell wall pores in plant uptake of MNMs, and raise questions about the importance of plant species to MNM bioaccumulation.
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ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT.
Bruce Ravel,Matthew Newville +1 more
TL;DR: A software package for the analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data is presented, based on the IFEFFIT library of numerical and XAS algorithms and is written in the Perl programming language using the Perl/Tk graphics toolkit.
Journal ArticleDOI
The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles
Jose Ruben Morones,Jose Luis Elechiguerra,A. Camacho,Katherine B. Holt,Juan B. Kouri,Jose Tapia Ramirez,Miguel Jose Yacaman +6 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of approximately 1-10 nm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria
Ivan Sondi,Branka Salopek-Sondi +1 more
TL;DR: These nontoxic nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and cost-effective manner, may be suitable for the formulation of new types of bactericidal materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.
TL;DR: This is the first comparative study on the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, and the results demonstrate thatsilver nanoparticles undergo a shape-dependent interaction with the gram-negative organism E. coli.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modeled Environmental Concentrations of Engineered Nanomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, CNT, Fullerenes) for Different Regions
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that risks to aquatic organisms may currently emanate from nano- Ag, nano-TiO(2), and nano-ZnO in sewage treatment effluents for all considered regions and for nano-Ag in surface waters.
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