Journal ArticleDOI
Behavior of Metallic Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant
Ralf Kaegi,Andreas Voegelin,Brian Sinnet,S. Zuleeg,Harald Hagendorfer,Michael Burkhardt,Hansruedi Siegrist +6 more
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Results from batch experiments suggested that Ag-NP transformation to Ag(2)S occured in the nonaerated tank within less than 2 h, which must be considered in future risk assessments.Abstract:
We investigated the behavior of metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) in a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) fed with municipal wastewater. The treatment plant consisted of a nonaerated and an aerated tank and a secondary clarifier. The average hydraulic retention time including the secondary clarifier was 1 day and the sludge age was 14 days. Ag-NP were spiked into the nonaerated tank and samples were collected from the aerated tank and from the effluent. Ag concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were in good agreement with predictions based on mass balance considerations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that nanoscale Ag particles were sorbed to wastewater biosolids, both in the sludge and in the effluent. Freely dispersed nanoscale Ag particles were only observed in the effluent during the initial pulse spike. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements indicated that most Ag in the sludge and in the effluent was present a...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Silver as Antibacterial Agent: Ion, Nanoparticle, and Metal
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed, however, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental transformations of silver nanoparticles: impact on stability and toxicity.
Clément Levard,Clément Levard,E. Matt Hotze,E. Matt Hotze,Gregory V. Lowry,Gregory V. Lowry,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the major transformation processes of Ag-NPs in various aqueous environments, particularly transformations of the metallic Ag cores caused by reactions with (in)organic ligands, and the effects of such transformations on physical and chemical stability and toxicity are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transformations of nanomaterials in the environment.
TL;DR: The nature and extent of the transformations that occur in nanomaterials must be understood before significant progress can be made toward understanding the environmental risks posed by these materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials: Review of modeling and analytical studies
TL;DR: True validation of the modeled values is difficult because trace analytical methods that are specific for ENM detection and quantification are not available, and the modeled and measured results are not always comparable due to the different forms and sizes of particles that these two approaches target.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticle Release, Transformation and Toxicity: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations for Future Studies and Applications.
TL;DR: A critical assessment of the current understanding of silver nanoparticle toxicity is provided and a set of pointers and guidelines for experimental design of future studies to assess the environmental and biological impacts of nanosilver are provided.
References
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Kinetics of bacterial sulfate reduction in an activated sludge plant.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fate and Biotransformation of Metal and Metalloid Species in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes
TL;DR: A literature review revealed that there are enough studies investigating chromium species presence, toxicity, fate and biotransformation in biological wastewater treatment systems as discussed by the authors, whereas there are fewer data for organotin compounds.
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TL;DR: Fraction of Ag(I) associated with Chelex in both batch and column Chelex experiments was similar in each of the four systems tested, indicating that lability of Ag complexes does not change significantly on time scales ranging from seconds to 24 h.
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Non‐artifacted specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy of submicron soil particles
TL;DR: In this paper, an adapted centrifugation procedure is proposed for the preparation of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) specimens of soil solutions in order to visualize colloids present within the soil.
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