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Journal ArticleDOI

Cancer immunotherapy – revisited

TLDR
The recent positive results of clinical trials with novel immunoactive drugs as well as the unexpected finding of a positive interaction between immunotherapy and chemotherapy may herald a new era for the immunotherapy of cancer.
Abstract
Our insight into antitumour immune responses has increased considerably during the past decades, yet the development of immunotherapy as a treatment modality for cancer has been hampered by several factors. These include difficulties in the selection of the optimal dose and schedule, the methods of evaluation, and financial support. Although durable clinical remissions have been observed with various immunotherapeutic strategies, the percentage of patients who benefited from these interventions has remained too small to justify the general use of such strategies. However, the recent positive results of clinical trials with novel immunoactive drugs as well as the unexpected finding of a positive interaction between immunotherapy and chemotherapy may herald a new era for the immunotherapy of cancer.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Targeted delivery of let-7b to reprogramme tumor-associated macrophages and tumor infiltrating dendritic cells for tumor rejection.

TL;DR: A nucleic acid delivery system for the delivery of let-7b, a synthetic microRNA mimic that efficiently reprogrammed the functions of TAMs/TIDCs, reversed the suppressive tumor microenvironment, and inhibited tumor growth in a breast cancer mouse model.
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Human CD1c+ DCs are critical cellular mediators of immune responses induced by immunogenic cell death

TL;DR: Observations indicate that platinum-treated tumor cells may exert an active stimulatory effect on human blood DCs, and suggest that CD1c+ DCs are critical mediators of immune responses induced by ICD.
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The HVEM network: new directions in targeting novel costimulatory/co-inhibitory molecules for cancer therapy.

TL;DR: Recent advances made regarding the knowledge on HVEM and its ligands in cancer cells, and their potential roles in tumor progression and escape to immune responses are summarized.
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Early identification of antigen-specific immune responses in vivo by [18F]-labeled 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxy-thymidine ([18F]FLT) PET imaging.

TL;DR: [18F]FLT PET offers a sensitive tool to study the kinetics, localization, and involvement of lymphocyte subsets in response to vaccination and allows for early discrimination of responding from nonresponding patients in anti-cancer vaccination and aid physicians in individualized decisionmaking.
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CTLA-4 blockade and the renaissance of cancer immunotherapy

TL;DR: The biology of CTLA-4 is summarized, the experimental data supporting the rational for targeting CTLA -4 to treat cancer are overviewed, the main clinical findings on this novel anticancer approach are reviewed and the current challenges and potential developments are critically discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

New Guidelines to Evaluate the Response to Treatment in Solid Tumors

TL;DR: A model by which a combined assessment of all existing lesions, characterized by target lesions and nontarget lesions, is used to extrapolate an overall response to treatment is proposed, which is largely validated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Group and integrated into the present guidelines.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA.

TL;DR: It is shown that cellular response to CpG DNA is mediated by a Toll-like receptor, TLR9, and vertebrate immune systems appear to have evolved a specific Toll- like receptor that distinguishes bacterial DNA from self-DNA.
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