Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis
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It is proposed that this chemical selectively damages cells in the substantia nigra in patients who developed marked parkinsonism after using an illicit drug intravenously.Abstract:
Four persons developed marked parkinsonism after using an illicit drug intravenously. Analysis of the substance injected by two of these patients revealed primarily 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) with trace amounts of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxy-piperidine (MPPP). On the basis of the striking parkinsonian features observed in our patients, and additional pathological data from one previously reported case, it is proposed that this chemical selectively damages cells in the substantia nigra.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neural transplantation: a review of recent developments and potential applications to the aged brain.
TL;DR: The present paper critically reviews the present domain of neural transplantation, its application to studies on the properties of the aged mammalian brain and discusses the possible therapeutic use of transplants in ameliorating transmitter-specific abnormalities associated with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
BookDOI
Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Aging, Disease and Cancer
TL;DR: The relation of mitochondrial dna mutation with of epigenetics mitochondrial genetics and epigenetics mitochond dna genetics and the heteroplasmy conundrum somatic mutations and aging: cause or effect?
Book ChapterDOI
Improvements in MPTP-induced object retrieval deficits and behavioral deficits after fetal nigral grafting in monkeys.
TL;DR: The finding that in some SN-CN grafted subjects reported here, there was evidence of increased dopamine and lowered HVA/dopamine ratio in the vicinity of the SN grafts is consistent with the hypothesis that graft-derived or graft-induced dopamine production is responsible for behavioral recovery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism Is Not Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Environmental and Genetic Evidence
TL;DR: Findings in combination with a limited knowledge about the underlying neuropathology of Mn-induced parkinsonism strongly support the need for a more complete understanding of the neurotoxic effects of Mn on basal ganglia function to uncover the appropriate cellular and molecular therapeutic targets for this disorder.
Book ChapterDOI
Nongenetic causes of Parkinson’s disease
TL;DR: Cigarette smoking, use of coffee/caffeine, and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) all appear to lower risk of PD, while dietary lipid and milk consumption, high caloric intake, and head trauma may increase risk.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic Parkinsonism secondary to intravenous injection of meperidine analogues.
Glenn C. Davis,Adrian C. Williams,Sanford P. Markey,Michael H. Ebert,Eric D. Caine,Cheryl M. Reichert,Irwin J. Kopin +6 more
TL;DR: Biogenic amines and metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid and microscopic evaluation of the brain at necropsy were consistent with damage to aminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
Journal ArticleDOI
Apraxia of lid opening
Jack E. Goldstein,David G. Cogan +1 more
TL;DR: Apraxia of lid opening is a nonparalytic motor abnormality characterized by the patient's difficulty in initiating the act of lid elevation and differs from paralytic ptosis by being present only momentarily at the start of lidOpening.
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