Journal ArticleDOI
Contributions of Microbes in Vertebrate Gastrointestinal Tract to Production and Conservation of Nutrients
C Edward Stevens,Ian D. Hume +1 more
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TLDR
The contributions of gut microorganisms common to all vertebrates are discussed, the numerous digestive strategies that allow herbivores to maximize these contributions, and the effects of low-fiber diets and discontinuous feeding schedules on these microbial digestive processes are discussed.Abstract:
Stevens, C. Edward, and Ian D. Hume. Contributions of Microbes in Vertebrate Gastrointestinal Tract to Production and Conservation of Nutrients. Physiol. Rev. 78: 393–427, 1998. — The vertebrate ga...read more
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Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics
Glenn R. Gibson,Robert W. Hutkins,Mary Ellen Sanders,Susan L. Prescott,Raylene A. Reimer,Seppo Salminen,Karen P. Scott,Catherine Stanton,Kelly S. Swanson,Patrice D. Cani,Kristin Verbeke,Gregor Reid +11 more
TL;DR: The goal of this Consensus Statement is to engender appropriate use of the term 'prebiotic' by relevant stakeholders so that consistency and clarity can be achieved in research reports, product marketing and regulatory oversight of the category.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Colonic Function: Roles of Resistant Starch and Nonstarch Polysaccharides
TL;DR: Resistant starch is a prebiotic, but knowledge of its other interactions with the microflora is limited and the contribution of RS to fermentation and colonic physiology seems to be greater than that of NSP.
Journal ArticleDOI
Individuality in gut microbiota composition is a complex polygenic trait shaped by multiple environmental and host genetic factors
Andrew K. Benson,Scott A. Kelly,Ryan Legge,Fangrui Ma,Soo Jen Low,Jaehyoung Kim,Min Zhang,Phaik Lyn Oh,Derrick L. Nehrenberg,Kunjie Hua,Stephen D. Kachman,Etsuko N. Moriyama,Jens Walter,Daniel A. Peterson,Daniel Pomp +14 more
TL;DR: Factors that affect microbiota composition in a large mouse advanced intercross line originating from a cross between C57BL/6J and an ICR-derived outbred line (HR) are examined, providing clear evidence for the importance of host genetic control in shaping individual microbiome diversity in mammals.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Human Gut Microbiome: Ecology and Recent Evolutionary Changes
Jens Walter,Ruth E. Ley +1 more
TL;DR: The human gastrointestinal tract is divided into sections, allowing digestion and nutrient absorption in the proximal region to be separate from the vast microbial populations in the large intestine, thereby reducing conflict between host and microbes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiota and Host Nutrition across Plant and Animal Kingdoms
Stéphane Hacquard,Ruben Garrido-Oter,Ruben Garrido-Oter,Antonio Gonzalez,Stijn Spaepen,Gail Ackermann,Sarah L. Lebeis,Alice C. McHardy,Alice C. McHardy,Jeffrey L. Dangl,Rob Knight,Ruth E. Ley,Paul Schulze-Lefert +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that there is no overlap of abundant bacterial taxa between the microbiotas of the mammalian gut and plant roots, whereas taxa overlap does exist between fish Gut and plant root communities.
References
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The Fire of Life
TL;DR: This book is a magnificent synthesis of scientific information on the basis of Lavoisier's important dictum that respiration is a kind of combustion and the repeated mention of Malthus and "writers with a hate complex".
BookDOI
The Physiology of Fishes
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the effects of stress on the human body, including muscle plasticity, muscle strength, and endocrine function, as well as the role of stress in these processes.
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Epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum
TL;DR: It seems likely that carcinogens produced by the action of an abnormal bacterial flora when held for a prolonged period in a concentrated form in contact with the bowel mucosa may account for the high incidence of these diseases in economically developed countries.
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The Mammalian Radiations: An Analysis of Trends in Evolution, Adaptation, and Behavior
TL;DR: Eisenberg as discussed by the authors collected data on every available species and used three perspectives to present his findings: a descriptive review, an examination of relationships among life-history variables and body size, and an analysis of relationships between body size and life history variables.
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