Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokines and major depression.
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TLDR
Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.Abstract:
In the research field of psychoneuroimmunology, accumulating evidence has indicated the existence of reciprocal communication pathways between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. In this respect, there has been increasing interest in the putative involvement of the immune system in psychiatric disorders. In the present review, the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma, in the aetiology and pathophysiology of major depression, is discussed. The 'cytokine hypothesis of depression' implies that proinflammatory cytokines, acting as neuromodulators, represent the key factor in the (central) mediation of the behavioural, neuroendocrine and neurochemical features of depressive disorders. This view is supported by various findings. Several medical illnesses, which are characterised by chronic inflammatory responses, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, have been reported to be accompanied by depression. In addition, administration of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. in cancer or hepatitis C therapies, has been found to induce depressive symptomatology. Administration of proinflammatory cytokines in animals induces 'sickness behaviour', which is a pattern of behavioural alterations that is very similar to the behavioural symptoms of depression in humans. The central action of cytokines may also account for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity that is frequently observed in depressive disorders, as proinflammatory cytokines may cause HPA axis hyperactivity by disturbing the negative feedback inhibition of circulating corticosteroids (CSs) on the HPA axis. Concerning the deficiency in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission that is concomitant with major depression, cytokines may reduce 5-HT levels by lowering the availability of its precursor tryptophan (TRP) through activation of the TRP-metabolising enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
An Ω-3 fatty acid-deficient diet during gestation induces depressive-like behavior in rats: the role of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) system
Mimi Tang,Yi-Ping Liu,Lu Wang,Huan-De Li,Hua-Lin Cai,Min Zhang,Ruili Dang,Ying Xue,Yanqin Wu +8 more
TL;DR: The results firstly showed the decreased expression of GR in the hippocampus of parous rats that were exposed to Ω-3 PUFA-deficient diets, which may partly facilitate the hyperactivity of the HPA axis and exert detrimental effects, providing new evidence for Ϊ3 PUFAs in the progression of postpartum depression.
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Correlation of psychological and physical symptoms with chronically elevated cytokine levels associated with a common immune dysregulation.
TL;DR: Immune dysregulation may explain the existence and covariation of psychological and physical symptoms in the healthy population, including people with medically unexplained symptoms.
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Chronic Treatment With Electroconvulsive Shock May Modulate the Immune Function of Macrophages
TL;DR: The results suggest that chronic treatment with ECS may induce long-lasting changes in the activity of peritoneal macrophages, andAttenuation of their proinflammatory properties indicates that ECS can change the primarily immunoregulatory functions of macrophage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Depressive symptoms, inflammatory markers and body composition in elderly with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Patrícia Érika de Melo Marinho,Patrícia Érika de Melo Marinho,Célia Maria Machado Barbosa de Castro,M. Cristina F. Raposo,Ricardo Oliveira Guerra,Armèle Dornelas de Andrade +5 more
TL;DR: Depressive symptoms as well as fat and lean body composition, due to preserved BMI in those with nutritional depletion, must be investigated.
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Effectiveness of interdisciplinary vs. dermatological care of moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
Jochen Schmitt,Gottfried Wozel,Marlene Garzarolli,Antje Viehweg,Michael Bauer,Karolina Leopold +5 more
TL;DR: Although psychiatric co-treatment is not generally required for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, those patients with higher DLQI scores than PASI scores might benefit from interdisciplinary care.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate.
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TL;DR: In patients with persistently active rheumatoid arthritis, the combination of etanercept and methotrexate was safe and well tolerated and provided significantly greater clinical benefit than metotrexate alone.