Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokines and major depression.
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TLDR
Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.Abstract:
In the research field of psychoneuroimmunology, accumulating evidence has indicated the existence of reciprocal communication pathways between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. In this respect, there has been increasing interest in the putative involvement of the immune system in psychiatric disorders. In the present review, the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma, in the aetiology and pathophysiology of major depression, is discussed. The 'cytokine hypothesis of depression' implies that proinflammatory cytokines, acting as neuromodulators, represent the key factor in the (central) mediation of the behavioural, neuroendocrine and neurochemical features of depressive disorders. This view is supported by various findings. Several medical illnesses, which are characterised by chronic inflammatory responses, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, have been reported to be accompanied by depression. In addition, administration of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. in cancer or hepatitis C therapies, has been found to induce depressive symptomatology. Administration of proinflammatory cytokines in animals induces 'sickness behaviour', which is a pattern of behavioural alterations that is very similar to the behavioural symptoms of depression in humans. The central action of cytokines may also account for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity that is frequently observed in depressive disorders, as proinflammatory cytokines may cause HPA axis hyperactivity by disturbing the negative feedback inhibition of circulating corticosteroids (CSs) on the HPA axis. Concerning the deficiency in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission that is concomitant with major depression, cytokines may reduce 5-HT levels by lowering the availability of its precursor tryptophan (TRP) through activation of the TRP-metabolising enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.read more
Citations
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Nerve Growth Factor in Alcohol Use Disorders
Flavio Maria Ceci,Giampiero Ferraguti,Carla Petrella,Antonio Greco,Massimo Ralli,Angela Iannitelli,Valentina Carito,Paola Tirassa,George N. Chaldakov,Marisa Patrizia Messina,Mauro Ceccanti,Marco Fiore +11 more
TL;DR: Key findings on the role of NGF in humans and animals, when exposed to prenatal, chronic alcohol consumption, and on binge drinking are described.
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Inflammatory Neuropsychiatric Disorders and COVID-19 Neuroinflammation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported that in the acute stage, widespread neuronal damage appears to be the result of abnormal and overactive immune responses and cytokine storm is associated with poor prognosis.
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Longitudinal Associations Between Serum Cytokine Levels and Dementia.
Ju-Wan Kim,Robert Stewart,Hee-Ju Kang,Kyung-Yeol Bae,Sung-Wan Kim,Il-Seon Shin,Jin-Sang Yoon,Jae-Min Kim +7 more
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Antidepressant efficacy and immune effects of bilateral theta burst stimulation monotherapy in major depression: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study.
Po Han Chou,Ming-Kuei Lu,Chon-Haw Tsai,Wan-Ting Hsieh,Hui-Chen Lai,Sergey Shityakov,Kuan-Pin Su +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene expression profiles associated with depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C).
Aybike Birerdinc,Aybike Birerdinc,Arian Afendy,Maria Stepanova,Issah Younossi,Ancha Baranova,Ancha Baranova,Zobair M. Younossi +7 more
TL;DR: The data demonstrate a significant down‐regulation of TGF‐β1 and the shift of Th1‐Th2 cytokine balance in the depression associated with IFN‐based treatment of HCV infection, and propose that TGF•β1 plays an important role in the imbalance of Th 1/Th2 in patients with CH‐C and depression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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