Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokines and major depression.
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TLDR
Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.Abstract:
In the research field of psychoneuroimmunology, accumulating evidence has indicated the existence of reciprocal communication pathways between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. In this respect, there has been increasing interest in the putative involvement of the immune system in psychiatric disorders. In the present review, the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma, in the aetiology and pathophysiology of major depression, is discussed. The 'cytokine hypothesis of depression' implies that proinflammatory cytokines, acting as neuromodulators, represent the key factor in the (central) mediation of the behavioural, neuroendocrine and neurochemical features of depressive disorders. This view is supported by various findings. Several medical illnesses, which are characterised by chronic inflammatory responses, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, have been reported to be accompanied by depression. In addition, administration of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. in cancer or hepatitis C therapies, has been found to induce depressive symptomatology. Administration of proinflammatory cytokines in animals induces 'sickness behaviour', which is a pattern of behavioural alterations that is very similar to the behavioural symptoms of depression in humans. The central action of cytokines may also account for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity that is frequently observed in depressive disorders, as proinflammatory cytokines may cause HPA axis hyperactivity by disturbing the negative feedback inhibition of circulating corticosteroids (CSs) on the HPA axis. Concerning the deficiency in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission that is concomitant with major depression, cytokines may reduce 5-HT levels by lowering the availability of its precursor tryptophan (TRP) through activation of the TRP-metabolising enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in bipolar disorder.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the increased activity of pro- inflammatory cytokines and an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Broad spectrum of cytokine abnormalities in panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Elizabeth A. Hoge,K. Brandstetter,Samantha J. Moshier,Mark H. Pollack,Kwok K. Wong,Naomi M. Simon +5 more
TL;DR: Findings suggest that a generalized inflammatory state may be present in individuals with PD or PTSD, as reported in Depression and Anxiety.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-1β: a new regulator of the kynurenine pathway affecting human hippocampal neurogenesis.
Patricia A. Zunszain,Christoph Anacker,Annamaria Cattaneo,Shanas Choudhury,Ksenia Musaelyan,Aye Mu Myint,Sandrine Thuret,Jack Price,Carmine M. Pariante +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown for the first time how IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine shown to be increased in depressed patients, decreases neurogenesis in human hippocampal progenitor cells, and inhibition of the kynurenine pathway may provide a new therapy to revert inflammatory-induced reduction in Neurogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proinflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex of teenage suicide victims
Ghanshyam N. Pandey,Hooriyah S. Rizavi,Xinguo Ren,Jawed Fareed,Debra Hoppensteadt,Rosalinda C. Roberts,Robert R. Conley,Yogesh Dwivedi +7 more
TL;DR: An important role for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior is suggested and that proinflammatory cytokines may be an appropriate target for developing therapeutic agents are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative stress, inflammation and treatment response in major depression
Daniel Lindqvist,Daniel Lindqvist,Firdaus S. Dhabhar,S. Jill James,Christina M. Hough,Felipe A. Jain,F. Saverio Bersani,F. Saverio Bersani,Victor I. Reus,Josine E. Verhoeven,Josine E. Verhoeven,Elissa S. Epel,Laura Mahan,Rebecca Rosser,Owen M. Wolkowitz,Synthia H. Mellon +15 more
TL;DR: Investigating markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in unmedicated MDD subjects and controls found poorer antidepressant treatment response was related to higher baseline levels of the major oxidative stress marker, F2-isoprostanes, in vivo, and antidepressant response was associated with changes in oxidative (8-OHdG) and inflammatory (IL-6) markers.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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