Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokines and major depression.
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.Abstract:
In the research field of psychoneuroimmunology, accumulating evidence has indicated the existence of reciprocal communication pathways between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. In this respect, there has been increasing interest in the putative involvement of the immune system in psychiatric disorders. In the present review, the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma, in the aetiology and pathophysiology of major depression, is discussed. The 'cytokine hypothesis of depression' implies that proinflammatory cytokines, acting as neuromodulators, represent the key factor in the (central) mediation of the behavioural, neuroendocrine and neurochemical features of depressive disorders. This view is supported by various findings. Several medical illnesses, which are characterised by chronic inflammatory responses, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, have been reported to be accompanied by depression. In addition, administration of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. in cancer or hepatitis C therapies, has been found to induce depressive symptomatology. Administration of proinflammatory cytokines in animals induces 'sickness behaviour', which is a pattern of behavioural alterations that is very similar to the behavioural symptoms of depression in humans. The central action of cytokines may also account for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity that is frequently observed in depressive disorders, as proinflammatory cytokines may cause HPA axis hyperactivity by disturbing the negative feedback inhibition of circulating corticosteroids (CSs) on the HPA axis. Concerning the deficiency in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission that is concomitant with major depression, cytokines may reduce 5-HT levels by lowering the availability of its precursor tryptophan (TRP) through activation of the TRP-metabolising enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A neurotransmitter system that regulates macrophage pro-inflammatory functions.
TL;DR: It is shown how some neurotransmitters released by the central or the autonomic nervous systems down-regulate peripheral macrophages' inflammatory functions to balance immune protective mechanisms, although they can also promote the collateral progress of diverse diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of depression symptoms and serum levels of interleukin‐6 in hemodialysis patients
Berenice Scaletzky Knuth,Vinicius Augusto Radtke,Pablo Rocha,Kátia Sulenir da Silva,Fabiana Dalsóglio,Marta Gazal,Karen Jansen,Diogo O. Souza,Luis Valmor Cruz Portela,Manuella P. Kaster,Jean Pierre Oses +10 more
TL;DR: Investigation of the possible correlations between depression, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in hemodialysis patients finds no evidence of a link between the disease and the immune system.
Journal ArticleDOI
An investigation of the antidepressant action of xiaoyaosan in rats using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with metabonomics.
Xiaoxia Gao,Jie Cui,Xing-Yu Zheng,Zhenyu Li,Young-Hae Choi,Yu-Zhi Zhou,Jun-Sheng Tian,Jie Xing,Xiao-Jie Tan,Guanhua Du,Xue-Mei Qin +10 more
TL;DR: Investigation of the antidepressant action of Xiaoyaosan using ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) and chemometrics showed that CUMS was successfully reproduced, and a moderate‐dose XYS produced significant therapeutic effects in the rodent model, equivalent to those of the positive control drugs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-Warburg effect of rosmarinic acid via miR-155 in colorectal carcinoma cells.
TL;DR: RA could not only repress proinflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but it could also suppress microRNAs related to inflammation by real-time PCR, and might be a potential therapeutic agent against colorectal carcinoma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antidepressant Effect of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance Extract in a Mouse Model of Chronic Stress-Induced Depression.
TL;DR: FX extract has an antidepressant effect on chronic stress-induced depression by associating signaling with neuroinflammation and neurogenesis, and is confirmed using esculin and esculetin, compounds extracted from FX.
References
More filters
Book
Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease
TL;DR: Introductory immunology textbook for medical students, advanced undergraduates, and graduate students.
Journal ArticleDOI
The inflammatory reflex
TL;DR: The discovery that cholinergic neurons inhibit acute inflammation has qualitatively expanded understanding of how the nervous system modulates immune responses, and the opportunity now exists to apply this insight to the treatment of inflammation through selective and reversible 'hard-wired' neural systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence
TL;DR: The "catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders" as discussed by the authors suggests that depression is associated with an absolute or relative decrease in catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine, available at central adrenergic receptor sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate.
Michael E. Weinblatt,Joel M. Kremer,Arthur D. Bankhurst,Ken J. Bulpitt,Roy Fleischmann,Robert I. Fox,Christopher G. Jackson,Mary Lange,Daniel Burge +8 more
TL;DR: In patients with persistently active rheumatoid arthritis, the combination of etanercept and methotrexate was safe and well tolerated and provided significantly greater clinical benefit than metotrexate alone.