Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokines and major depression.
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Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.Abstract:
In the research field of psychoneuroimmunology, accumulating evidence has indicated the existence of reciprocal communication pathways between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. In this respect, there has been increasing interest in the putative involvement of the immune system in psychiatric disorders. In the present review, the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma, in the aetiology and pathophysiology of major depression, is discussed. The 'cytokine hypothesis of depression' implies that proinflammatory cytokines, acting as neuromodulators, represent the key factor in the (central) mediation of the behavioural, neuroendocrine and neurochemical features of depressive disorders. This view is supported by various findings. Several medical illnesses, which are characterised by chronic inflammatory responses, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, have been reported to be accompanied by depression. In addition, administration of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. in cancer or hepatitis C therapies, has been found to induce depressive symptomatology. Administration of proinflammatory cytokines in animals induces 'sickness behaviour', which is a pattern of behavioural alterations that is very similar to the behavioural symptoms of depression in humans. The central action of cytokines may also account for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity that is frequently observed in depressive disorders, as proinflammatory cytokines may cause HPA axis hyperactivity by disturbing the negative feedback inhibition of circulating corticosteroids (CSs) on the HPA axis. Concerning the deficiency in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission that is concomitant with major depression, cytokines may reduce 5-HT levels by lowering the availability of its precursor tryptophan (TRP) through activation of the TRP-metabolising enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Although the central effects of proinflammatory cytokines appear to be able to account for most of the symptoms occurring in depression, it remains to be established whether cytokines play a causal role in depressive illness or represent epiphenomena without major significance.read more
Citations
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The role of Wnt signaling and its interaction with diverse mechanisms of cellular apoptosis in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder
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The search for peripheral disease markers in psychiatry by genomic and proteomic approaches.
TL;DR: A series of studies documenting the potential offered by large-scale transcription analyses and proteomic profiling in a number of psychiatric disorders are reported, and specific applications of microarrays to CNS disorders to generate blood-derived disease signatures are discussed.
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Local interleukin-18 system in the basolateral amygdala regulates susceptibility to chronic stress
Tae Kyung Kim,Ji-Eun Kim,Juli Choi,Jin Young Park,Jung Eun Lee,Eun Hwa Lee,Yunjin Lee,Bo Yeon Kim,Young J. Oh,Pyung Lim Han +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that the IL18 system in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) determined susceptibility to chronic stress, and siRNA-mediated inhibition of NF-kB in the BLA significantly suppressed stress-induced depression-like behaviors, andNF-kB KO mice were resilient to chronic Stress.
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Psychoneurological symptom cluster in breast cancer: the role of inflammation and diet.
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Psiconeuroinmunología: conexiones entre sistema nervioso y sistema inmune
Victoriano Ramos Linares,Raúl Rivero Burón,Jose A. Rodriguez,Luis Joaquín García López,Luis Armando Oblitas Guadalupe +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the findings to date attempting to explain the relationship between the nervous system, as well as the influences of some over others, in particular to express the relationship among the three systems responsible for the defense of the body and, more broadly, its homeostatic maintenance.
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