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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

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TLDR
The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract
The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Layered SnS2-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite – A High-Capacity, High-Rate, and Long-Cycle Life Sodium-Ion Battery Anode Material

TL;DR: A layered SnS2-reduced graphene oxide (SnS 2-RGO) composite is prepared by a facile hydrothermal route and evaluated as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs).
Journal ArticleDOI

Active Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Morphology, and Electrochemistry

TL;DR: The current advances, existing limitations, along with the possible solutions in the pursuit of cathode materials with high voltage, fast kinetics, and long cycling stability are comprehensively covered and evaluated to guide the future design of aqueous ZIBs with a combination of high gravimetric energy density, good reversibility, and a long cycle life.
Journal ArticleDOI

Detection of subsurface structures underneath dendrites formed on cycled lithium metal electrodes.

TL;DR: Synchrotron hard X-ray microtomography experiments on symmetric lithium-polymer-lithium cells cycled at 90 °C show that during the early stage of dendrite development, the bulk of the dendritic structure lies within the electrode, underneath the polymer/electrode interface.
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A Facile and Template-Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mn3O4 Nanorods on Graphene Sheets for Supercapacitor Electrodes with Long Cycle Stability

TL;DR: Graphene/Mn3O4 composites were prepared by a simple hydrothermal process from KMnO4 using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent in this paper.
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Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery Based on Porous Framework Zinc Pyrovanadate Intercalation Cathode.

TL;DR: A microwave approach is developed to rapidly synthesize ultralong zinc pyrovanadate nanowires with a porous crystal framework with significantly improved electrochemical performance when used as intercalation cathode for aqueous zinc-ion battery.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries

TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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Materials for electrochemical capacitors

TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
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Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and proposed a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery.
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Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices

TL;DR: This review describes some recent developments in the discovery of nanoelectrolytes and nanoeLECTrodes for lithium batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors and the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoscale in materials design for such devices.
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