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Journal ArticleDOI

Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

TLDR
The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract
The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage

TL;DR: The notion of sustainability is introduced through discussion of the energy and environmental costs of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, considering elemental abundance, toxicity, synthetic methods and scalability.
Journal ArticleDOI

Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries

TL;DR: The current understanding on Li anodes is summarized, the recent key progress in materials design and advanced characterization techniques are highlighted, and the opportunities and possible directions for future development ofLi anodes in applications are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage

TL;DR: In this article, the pseudocapacitance properties of transition metal oxides have been investigated and a review of the most relevant pseudo-capacitive materials in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI

Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review.

TL;DR: This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth, summarizing the theoretical and experimental achievements and endeavors to realize the practical applications of lithium metal batteries.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Semi‐Solid Lithium Rechargeable Flow Battery

TL;DR: Semi-solid fl ow cells (SSFC) as discussed by the authors is a new storage concept, which combines the high energy density of rechargeable batteries with the fl exible and scalable architecture of fuel cells and fl ow batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI

Advanced materials for sodium-beta alumina batteries: Status, challenges and perspectives

TL;DR: A comprehensive review on materials of electrodes and electrolytes for the Na-beta alumina batteries and discusses the challenges ahead for further technology improvement can be found in this paper, where the authors also discuss the challenges that hinders broad applications and market penetration of the technologies.
Journal ArticleDOI

Lithium salt of tetrahydroxybenzoquinone: toward the development of a sustainable Li-ion battery.

TL;DR: The use of lithiated redox organic molecules containing electrochemically active C=O functionalities, such as lithiated oxocarbon salts, is proposed to represent alternative electrode materials to those used in current Li-ion battery technology that can be synthesized from renewable starting materials.
Journal ArticleDOI

Battery Technologies for Large-Scale Stationary Energy Storage

TL;DR: The most promising technologies in the short term are high-temperature sodium batteries with β″-alumina electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries, and flow batteries, while Regenerative fuel cells and lithium metal batteries with high energy density require further research to become practical.
Journal ArticleDOI

Na4Mn9O18 as a positive electrode material for an aqueous electrolyte sodium-ion energy storage device

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate Na 4 Mn 9 O 18 as a sodium intercalation positive electrode material for an aqueous electrolyte energy storage device, which is then tested electrochemically against an activated carbon counter electrode using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling.
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