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Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices

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TLDR
The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract
The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of degree of sulfonation and casting solvent on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane for vanadium redox flow battery

TL;DR: In this article, the properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes with various degree sulfonation (DS) and casting solvent are investigated for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB).
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High-Performance Sodium Metal Anodes Enabled by a Bifunctional Potassium Salt

TL;DR: KTFSI is introduced for the first time as a bifunctional electrolyte additive to stabilize Na metal electrodes, in which the TFSI- anions decompose into lithium nitride and oxynitrides to render a desirable solid electrolyte interphase layer while the K+ cations preferentially adsorb onto Na protrusions and provide electrostatic shielding to suppress dendritic deposition.
Journal ArticleDOI

Growth of Ultrathin ZnCo2O4 Nanosheets on Reduced Graphene Oxide with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties.

TL;DR: The growth of ultrathin ZnCo 2O4 nanosheets on reduced graphene oxide (denoted as rGO/ZnCo2O4) via a facile low‐temperature solution method combined with a subsequent annealing treatment is reported, revealing a very stable high reversible capacity and excellent rate capability.
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Exceptionally High Ionic Conductivity in Na 3 P 0.62 As 0.38 S 4 with Improved Moisture Stability for Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries

TL;DR: A Na-ion solid-state electrolyte, Na3 P0.62 As0.38 S4, is developed with an exceptionally high conductivity and enhanced moisture stability and dual effects of alloying element As (lattice expansion and a weaker AsS bond strength) are responsible for the superior conductivity.
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Vapor–solid synthesis of monolithic single-crystalline CoP nanowire electrodes for efficient and robust water electrolysis

TL;DR: Ultralong single-crystalline CoP nanowires were grown on porous Co foam via a vapor–solid reaction method and used for overall electrochemical water splitting in alkaline solution.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

TL;DR: A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
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Building better batteries

TL;DR: Researchers must find a sustainable way of providing the power their modern lifestyles demand to ensure the continued existence of clean energy sources.
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Materials for electrochemical capacitors

TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
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Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and proposed a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery.
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Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices

TL;DR: This review describes some recent developments in the discovery of nanoelectrolytes and nanoeLECTrodes for lithium batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors and the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoscale in materials design for such devices.
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